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IAL 2022 June Q2

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

(a) Use algebra to determine the set of values of xx for which

x5<9x+3\begin{align*} x - 5 < \frac{9}{x + 3} \end{align*}
(6)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the set of values of xx for which

x5<9x+3\begin{align*} x - 5 < \frac{9}{|x + 3|} \end{align*}
(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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这是分式不等式,不能直接乘以 x+3x+3 而不考虑符号。先移到一边并通分,再用 critical values 分区间判断。

答题过程

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We need

x5<9x+3,\begin{align*} x-5<\frac9{x+3}, \end{align*}

where

x3.\begin{align*} x\neq -3. \end{align*}

Move all terms to the left:

x59x+3<0.\begin{align*} x-5-\frac9{x+3}<0. \end{align*}

Use the common denominator x+3x+3:

x59x+3=(x5)(x+3)9x+3.\begin{align*} x-5-\frac9{x+3} =&\,\frac{(x-5)(x+3)-9}{x+3}. \end{align*}

Expand the numerator:

(x5)(x+3)9=x22x159=x22x24=(x6)(x+4).\begin{align*} (x-5)(x+3)-9 =&\,x^2-2x-15-9\\[2mm] =&\,x^2-2x-24\\[2mm] =&\,(x-6)(x+4). \end{align*}

So the inequality becomes

(x6)(x+4)x+3<0.\begin{align*} \frac{(x-6)(x+4)}{x+3}<0. \end{align*}

The critical values are

x=4,3,6.\begin{align*} x=-4,\quad -3,\quad 6. \end{align*}

Using a sign chart for

(x6)(x+4)x+3,\begin{align*} \frac{(x-6)(x+4)}{x+3}, \end{align*}

we get

x<4or3<x<6.\begin{align*} x<-4 \quad\text{or}\quad -3<x<6. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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因为分母是 x+3|x+3|,所以右边始终为正,且 x3x\neq -3

x>3x>-3 时,x+3=x+3|x+3|=x+3,沿用 (a) 得 3<x<6-3<x<6

x<3x<-3 时,右边仍为正,而 x5<0x-5<0,所以不等式自动成立。

答题过程

展开

We need

x5<9x+3,\begin{align*} x-5<\frac9{|x+3|}, \end{align*}

where x3x\neq -3.

If x>3x>-3, then x+3=x+3|x+3|=x+3, so from part (a),

3<x<6.\begin{align*} -3<x<6. \end{align*}

If x<3x<-3, then

x5<0\begin{align*} x-5<0 \end{align*}

and

9x+3>0.\begin{align*} \frac9{|x+3|}>0. \end{align*}

So the inequality is true for all x<3x<-3.

Therefore the solution is

x<6,x3.\begin{align*} x<6,\qquad x\neq -3. \end{align*}