题目
Problem
(a) Determine the general solution of the differential equation
dx2d2y−8dxdy+16y=48x2−34
(5)
Given that y=4 and dxdy=21 at x=0
(b) determine the particular solution of the differential equation.
(4)
(c) Hence find the value of y at x=−2 , giving your answer in the form peq+r where p , q and r are integers to be determined.
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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这是二阶常系数非齐次微分方程。先解辅助方程得到 complementary function,再因为右边是二次多项式,设 particular integral 为二次多项式。
答题过程
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The auxiliary equation is
m2−8m+16=0
Hence
(m−4)2=m=04
So the complementary function is
yc=(A+Bx)e4x
For a particular integral, let
yp=λx2+μx+ν
Then
yp′=yp′′=2λx+μ2λ
Substitute into the differential equation:
2λ−8(2λx+μ)+16(λx2+μx+ν)=16λx2+(−16λ+16μ)x+(2λ−8μ+16ν)=48x2−3448x2−34
Equating coefficients gives
16λ=−16λ+16μ=2λ−8μ+16ν=480−34
Therefore
λ=μ=2(3)−8(3)+16ν=16ν=ν=33−34−16−1
So
yp=3x2+3x−1
The general solution is
y=(A+Bx)e4x+3x2+3x−1
(b)
解法一
思路
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先用 y(0)=4 求 A。再对通解求导,用 y′(0)=21 求 B。指数部分求导时要用乘积法则。
答题过程
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Using y=4 at x=0,
4=4=A=(A+0)e0+3(0)2+3(0)−1A−15
Differentiate the general solution:
dxdy=Be4x+4(A+Bx)e4x+6x+3
Using dxdy=21 at x=0,
21=21=B=B+4A+3B+4(5)+3−2
Therefore the particular solution is
y=(5−2x)e4x+3x2+3x−1
(c)
解法一
思路
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这题的 “Hence” 表示直接使用 (b) 的 particular solution,把 x=−2 代入即可。最后要整理成 peq+r。
答题过程
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Substitute x=−2 into the particular solution:
y===(5−2(−2))e4(−2)+3(−2)2+3(−2)−19e−8+12−6−19e−8+5
So p=9, q=−8 and r=5.