题目
Problem
y=(1−3x)A+eBx
where A and B are non-zero constants.
(a) Determine dx3d3y in terms of A, B and x.
(3)
Given that the Maclaurin series expansion for y in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3, is
y=2+kx3
where k is a constant,
(b) determine the value of A and the value of B.
(4)
(c) Hence determine the value of k, giving your answer as a fully simplified fraction.
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
连续三次求导即可。注意 (1−3x)A 每求导一次都会多乘一个 −3,指数也会递减 1。
答题过程
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dxdy=dx2d2y=−3A(1−3x)A−1+BeBx9A(A−1)(1−3x)A−2+B2eBx
Therefore
dx3d3y=−27A(A−1)(A−2)(1−3x)A−3+B3eBx
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
Maclaurin 展开是 2+kx3,说明 x 项和 x2 项系数都为 0,也就是 y′(0)=0、y′′(0)=0。这样可以直接建立两个方程。
答题过程
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Since
y=2+kx3
up to the term in x3, there is no term in x and no term in x2. Hence
y′(0)=0,y′′(0)=0
Using y′(0)=0,
−3A+B=0⟹B=3A
Using y′′(0)=0,
9A(A−1)+B2=0
Substitute B=3A:
9A(A−1)+9A2=18A2−9A=9A(2A−1)=000
Since A is non-zero,
A=21
Therefore
B=3A=23
解法二
思路
展开
也可以直接展开两个函数。因为题目已经给出展开式没有 x 项和 x2 项,所以比较这两个系数即可。
答题过程
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Using binomial and exponential expansions,
(1−3x)A=1−3Ax+2A(A−1)(−3x)2+3!A(A−1)(A−2)(−3x)3+⋯
and
eBx=1+Bx+2B2x2+3!B3x3+⋯
So the coefficient of x is −3A+B. Since it is zero,
−3A+B=0⟹B=3A
The coefficient of x2 is
29A(A−1)+2B2
Hence
29A(A−1)+2B2=9A(A−1)+B2=00
Substituting B=3A gives
9A(A−1)+9A2=9A(2A−1)=00
Since A is non-zero,
A=21,B=23
(c)
解法一
思路
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x3 的系数等于 3!y′′′(0)。上一问已经求出 A 和 B,代入第三导数即可。
答题过程
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From part (a),
y′′′(0)=−27A(A−1)(A−2)+B3
Using A=21 and B=23,
y′′′(0)===−27(21)(−21)(−23)+(23)3−881+827−427
Since the coefficient of x3 is 3!y′′′(0),
k==6−27/4−89
解法二
思路
展开
沿用展开式路线,直接取 x3 的系数。这样不需要再使用第三导数公式。
答题过程
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From the series expansions,
k==3!A(A−1)(A−2)(−3)3+3!B3−29A(A−1)(A−2)+6B3
Using A=21 and B=23,
k===−29(21)(−21)(−23)+61(23)3−1627+169−89