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IAL 2020 Oct FP3 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The matrix AA is given by

A=(11111112a)A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & a \end{pmatrix}

where a1a \ne 1.

(a) Find A1A^{-1} in terms of aa.

B=(111111124)B = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 4 \end{pmatrix}

The straight line l1l_1 is mapped onto the straight line l2l_2 by the transformation represented by the matrix BB.

The equation of l2l_2 is

(r(12i+4j+6k))×(6i+2j+3k)=0.\bigl(\mathbf{r} - (12\mathbf{i} + 4\mathbf{j} + 6\mathbf{k})\bigr) \times (-6\mathbf{i} + 2\mathbf{j} + 3\mathbf{k}) = \mathbf{0}.

(b) Find a vector equation for the line l1l_1.

(8)
题目中文翻译

矩阵 AA 定义为

A=(11111112a)A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & a \end{pmatrix}

其中 a1a \ne 1

(a) 用 aa 表示求 A1A^{-1}

B=(111111124)B = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 4 \end{pmatrix}

由矩阵 BB 表示的变换把直线 l1l_1 映射到直线 l2l_2

直线 l2l_2 的方程为

(r(12i+4j+6k))×(6i+2j+3k)=0\bigl(\mathbf{r} - (12\mathbf{i} + 4\mathbf{j} + 6\mathbf{k})\bigr) \times (-6\mathbf{i} + 2\mathbf{j} + 3\mathbf{k}) = \mathbf{0}

(b) 求直线 l1l_1 的向量方程。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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使用 A1=1detAadjAA^{-1}=\dfrac{1}{\det A}\operatorname{adj}A。先求行列式,再列出代数余子式矩阵并转置。题设 a1a\ne1 正好保证分母 2a22a-2 不为零。

答题过程

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Expanding the determinant,

detA=(a2)+(a1)+(21)=2a2.\begin{align*} \det A =&\,(a-2)+(a-1)+(2-1)\\[4mm] =&\,2a-2. \end{align*}

The cofactor matrix is

C=(a21a1a+2a13202).C=\begin{pmatrix} a-2&1-a&1\\ a+2&a-1&-3\\ -2&0&2 \end{pmatrix}.

Hence

adjA=CT=(a2a+221aa10132).\operatorname{adj}A=C^{\mathsf T} =\begin{pmatrix} a-2&a+2&-2\\ 1-a&a-1&0\\ 1&-3&2 \end{pmatrix}.

Since a1a\ne1,

A1=12a2(a2a+221aa10132).\boxed{ A^{-1}=\frac{1}{2a-2} \begin{pmatrix} a-2&a+2&-2\\ 1-a&a-1&0\\ 1&-3&2 \end{pmatrix}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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矩阵 BB 就是 (a) 中取 a=4a=4AA,所以可直接得到 B1B^{-1}。先把 l2l_2 写成参数式,再用 B1B^{-1} 同时逆变换直线上的一点与方向向量,即得到原像直线 l1l_1

答题过程

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Putting a=4a=4 in the result from part (a),

B1=16(262330132).B^{-1}=\frac16 \begin{pmatrix} 2&6&-2\\ -3&3&0\\ 1&-3&2 \end{pmatrix}.

The equation of l2l_2 is equivalent to

r2=(1246)+λ(623).\mathbf{r}_2 =\begin{pmatrix}12\\4\\6\end{pmatrix} +\lambda\begin{pmatrix}-6\\2\\3\end{pmatrix}.

The corresponding point on l1l_1 is

B1(1246)=16(262330132)(1246)=(642).\begin{align*} B^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}12\\4\\6\end{pmatrix} =&\,\frac16 \begin{pmatrix} 2&6&-2\\ -3&3&0\\ 1&-3&2 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}12\\4\\6\end{pmatrix}\\[4mm] =&\,\begin{pmatrix}6\\-4\\2\end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

The corresponding direction vector is

B1(623)=16(262330132)(623)=(141).\begin{align*} B^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}-6\\2\\3\end{pmatrix} =&\,\frac16 \begin{pmatrix} 2&6&-2\\ -3&3&0\\ 1&-3&2 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}-6\\2\\3\end{pmatrix}\\[4mm] =&\,\begin{pmatrix}-1\\4\\-1\end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

Therefore a vector equation of l1l_1 is

r=(642)+λ(141),λR.\boxed{ \mathbf{r} =\begin{pmatrix}6\\-4\\2\end{pmatrix} +\lambda\begin{pmatrix}-1\\4\\-1\end{pmatrix}}, \qquad \lambda\in\mathbb{R}.