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IAL 2020 Oct FP3 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The curve CC has parametric equations

x=cosht+t,y=coshtt,0tln3.x = \cosh t + t, \qquad y = \cosh t - t, \qquad 0 \le t \le \ln 3.

(a) Show that

(dxdt)2+(dydt)2=2cosh2t.\left(\frac{dx}{dt}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^2 = 2\cosh^2 t.

The curve CC is rotated through 2π2\pi radians about the xx-axis. The area of the curved surface generated is given by SS.

(b) Show that

S=2π20ln3(cosh2ttcosht)dt.S = 2\pi\sqrt{2}\int_0^{\ln 3} (\cosh^2 t - t\cosh t)\,dt.

(c) Hence find the value of SS, giving your answer in the form

π29(a+bln3)\frac{\pi\sqrt{2}}{9}(a + b\ln 3)

where aa and bb are constants to be determined.

(12)
题目中文翻译

曲线 CC 的参数方程为

x=cosht+t,y=coshtt,0tln3x = \cosh t + t, \qquad y = \cosh t - t, \qquad 0 \le t \le \ln 3

(a) 证明

(dxdt)2+(dydt)2=2cosh2t\left(\frac{dx}{dt}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{dy}{dt}\right)^2 = 2\cosh^2 t

将曲线 CCxx 轴旋转 2π2\pi 弧度。所生成的曲面面积记为 SS

(b) 证明

S=2π20ln3(cosh2ttcosht)dtS = 2\pi\sqrt{2}\int_0^{\ln 3} (\cosh^2 t - t\cosh t)\,dt

(c) 因此求 SS 的值,答案写成

π29(a+bln3)\frac{\pi\sqrt{2}}{9}(a + b\ln 3)

的形式,其中 aabb 为待求常数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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分别对两个参数方程求导。平方相加后一次项抵消,再用 1+sinh2t=cosh2t1+\sinh^2t=\cosh^2t 化为题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating with respect to tt,

dxdt=sinht+1,dydt=sinht1.\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=\sinh t+1, \qquad \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t}=\sinh t-1.

Therefore

(dxdt)2+(dydt)2=(sinht+1)2+(sinht1)2=2sinh2t+2=2cosh2t.\begin{align*} \left(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}\right)^2 +\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t}\right)^2 =&\,(\sinh t+1)^2+(\sinh t-1)^2\\[4mm] =&\,2\sinh^2t+2\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{2\cosh^2t}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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xx 轴旋转的曲面面积为 2πyds2\pi\int y\,\mathrm{d}s。由 (a) 求出 ds/dt\mathrm{d}s/\mathrm{d}t;在给定区间内 cosht>0\cosh t>0,所以开平方时不产生符号歧义。

答题过程

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For a parametric curve rotated about the xx-axis,

S=2πy(dxdt)2+(dydt)2dt.S=2\pi\int y \sqrt{\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}\right)^2 +\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t}\right)^2} \,\mathrm{d}t.

Using part (a), and noting that cosht>0\cosh t>0,

2cosh2t=2cosht.\sqrt{2\cosh^2t}=\sqrt2\cosh t.

Hence

S=2π0ln3(coshtt)2coshtdt=2π20ln3(cosh2ttcosht)dt.\begin{align*} S =&\,2\pi\int_0^{\ln3} (\cosh t-t)\sqrt2\cosh t\,\mathrm{d}t\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{2\pi\sqrt2 \int_0^{\ln3} (\cosh^2t-t\cosh t)\,\mathrm{d}t}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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承接 (b),用 cosh2t=(1+cosh2t)/2\cosh^2t=(1+\cosh2t)/2 积分第一项;第二项 tcoshtdt\int t\cosh t\,\mathrm{d}t 用分部积分。代入 t=ln3t=\ln3 时,从指数定义精确求出 sinht\sinh tcosht\cosh tsinh2t\sinh2t

答题过程

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Using

cosh2t=12(1+cosh2t),\cosh^2t=\frac12(1+\cosh2t),

we obtain

cosh2tdt=t2+14sinh2t.\int\cosh^2t\,\mathrm{d}t =\frac t2+\frac14\sinh2t.

Also, integration by parts gives

tcoshtdt=tsinhtsinhtdt=tsinhtcosht.\begin{align*} \int t\cosh t\,\mathrm{d}t =&\,t\sinh t-\int\sinh t\,\mathrm{d}t\\[4mm] =&\,t\sinh t-\cosh t. \end{align*}

Therefore, from part (b),

S=2π2[t2+14sinh2ttsinht+cosht]0ln3.S=2\pi\sqrt2 \left[ \frac t2+\frac14\sinh2t -t\sinh t+\cosh t \right]_0^{\ln3}.

At t=ln3t=\ln3,

sinht=31/32=43,cosht=3+1/32=53,\sinh t=\frac{3-1/3}{2}=\frac43, \qquad \cosh t=\frac{3+1/3}{2}=\frac53,

and hence

sinh2t=2sinhtcosht=409.\sinh2t=2\sinh t\cosh t=\frac{40}{9}.

Thus

S=2π2(12ln3+10943ln3+531)=2π2(16956ln3)=π29(3215ln3).\begin{align*} S =&\,2\pi\sqrt2 \left( \frac12\ln3+\frac{10}{9} -\frac43\ln3+\frac53-1 \right)\\[4mm] =&\,2\pi\sqrt2 \left(\frac{16}{9}-\frac56\ln3\right)\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac{\pi\sqrt2}{9} \bigl(32-15\ln3\bigr)}. \end{align*}

Therefore

a=32,b=15.\boxed{a=32,\qquad b=-15}.