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IAL 2019 Oct Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2019 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Figure 4 shows part of the curve with equation y=2x2+5y=2x^2+5.

Figure 4

The point P(2,13)P(2,13) lies on the curve.

(a) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at PP.

(2)

The point QQ with xx coordinate 2+h2+h also lies on the curve.

(b) Find, in terms of hh, the gradient of the line PQPQ. Give your answer in simplest form.

(3)

(c) Explain briefly the relationship between the answer to (b) and the answer to (a).

(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

切线斜率就是导数在 x=2x=2 时的值。

答题过程

展开 y=2x2+5,dydx=4x.\begin{align*} y=&\,2x^2+5,\\ \frac{dy}{dx}=&\,4x. \end{align*}

At x=2x=2,

dydx=8.\begin{align*} \frac{dy}{dx}=8. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先求 QQyy 坐标,再用两点斜率公式。

答题过程

展开

For QQ,

yQ=2(2+h)2+5=2(4+4h+h2)+5=13+8h+2h2.\begin{align*} y_Q=&\,2(2+h)^2+5\\ =&\,2(4+4h+h^2)+5\\ =&\,13+8h+2h^2. \end{align*}

So

gradient of PQ=(13+8h+2h2)13(2+h)2=8h+2h2h=8+2h.\begin{align*} \text{gradient of }PQ =&\,\frac{(13+8h+2h^2)-13}{(2+h)-2}\\ =&\,\frac{8h+2h^2}{h}\\ =&\,8+2h. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

hh 趋近于 00 时,点 QQ 趋近于点 PP,割线 PQPQ 的斜率趋近于切线斜率。

答题过程

展开

As h0h\to0,

8+2h8.\begin{align*} 8+2h\to8. \end{align*}

This is the gradient of the tangent at PP.