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IAL 2020 Jan Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Figure 2 shows the plan view of a house ABCDABCD and a lawn APCDAAPCDA.

Figure 2

ABCDABCD is a rectangle with AB=16AB=16 m.

APCOAAPCOA is a sector of a circle centre OO with radius 1212 m.

The point OO lies on the line DCDC, as shown in Figure 2.

(a) Show that the size of angle AODAOD is 1.2311.231 radians to 3 decimal places.

(2)

The lawn APCDAAPCDA is shown shaded in Figure 2.

(b) Find the area of the lawn, in m2\text{m}^2, to one decimal place.

(4)

(c) Find the perimeter of the lawn, in metres, to one decimal place.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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因为 DC=AB=16DC=AB=16,而 OC=12OC=12,所以 OD=4OD=4。在直角三角形 AODAOD 中,OA=12OA=12,于是可以用余弦求角。

答题过程

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Since DC=16DC=16 and OC=12OC=12,

OD=4.\begin{align*} OD=4. \end{align*}

In triangle AODAOD,

cosAOD=ODOA=412=13.\begin{align*} \cos\angle AOD=&\,\frac{OD}{OA}\\ =&\,\frac{4}{12}\\ =&\,\frac13. \end{align*}

Therefore

AOD=cos1(13)=1.2309=1.231\begin{align*} \angle AOD =&\,\cos^{-1}\left(\frac13\right)\\ =&\,1.2309\ldots\\ =&\,1.231 \end{align*}

to 3 decimal places.

(b)

解法一

思路

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草坪面积可以看成大扇形 AOCAOC 减去三角形 AODAOD。大扇形的圆心角是 π+1.231\pi+1.231\ldots,因为它绕过了下方那一段弧。

答题过程

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The major angle AOCAOC is

π+1.2309.\begin{align*} \pi+1.2309\ldots. \end{align*}

Also,

AD=12242=128.\begin{align*} AD=&\,\sqrt{12^2-4^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{128}. \end{align*}

The area of triangle AODAOD is

12(4)(128)=22.627.\begin{align*} \frac12(4)(\sqrt{128})=22.627\ldots. \end{align*}

So the area of the lawn is

12(12)2(π+1.2309)22.627=292.180=292.2 m2.\begin{align*} \frac{1}{2}(12)^2(\pi+1.2309\ldots)-22.627\ldots =&\,292.180\ldots\\ =&\,292.2\text{ m}^2. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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利用整圆减去空白部分求面积的方法(Complement Method)。 草坪的面积也可以用圆的面积减去未阴影的空白部分。 空白部分由两部分组成:

  1. 扇形 AOCAOC 之外的较小扇形(即优角所对的劣角扇形)。劣角的大小为 θ=2π(π+1.2309)=π1.2309\theta = 2\pi - (\pi + 1.2309\ldots) = \pi - 1.2309\ldots
  2. 直角三角形 AODAOD

因此,草坪面积可以表示为:

Area=Area of CircleArea of Minor SectorArea of AOD\begin{align*} \text{Area} = \text{Area of Circle} - \text{Area of Minor Sector} - \text{Area of } \triangle AOD \end{align*}

代入已知数据计算,同样得出 292.2 m2292.2\text{ m}^2。该方法展现了补集思想在几何面积求解中的妙用。

答题过程

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Alternatively, we can find the area of the lawn by subtracting the unshaded region from the total area of the circle. The unshaded region consists of the minor sector AOCAOC and the triangle AODAOD.

The angle of the minor sector AOCAOC is:

θ=2π(π+1.2309)=π1.2309\begin{align*} \theta = 2\pi - (\pi + 1.2309\ldots) = \pi - 1.2309\ldots \end{align*}

The area of the circle is:

Areacircle=πr2=π(12)2=144π.\begin{align*} \text{Area}_{\text{circle}} =&\,\, \pi r^2 = \pi (12)^2 = 144\pi. \end{align*}

The area of the minor sector is:

Areaminor sector=12r2θ=12(12)2(π1.2309)=72(π1.2309)137.568 m2.\begin{align*} \text{Area}_{\text{minor sector}} =&\,\, \frac{1}{2}r^2\theta\\[3mm] =&\,\, \frac{1}{2}(12)^2(\pi - 1.2309\ldots)\\[3mm] =&\,\, 72(\pi - 1.2309\ldots)\\[3mm] &\approx\,\, 137.568\ldots\text{ m}^2. \end{align*}

The area of triangle AODAOD is:

AreaAOD=12ODAD=12(4)(128)22.627 m2.\begin{align*} \text{Area}_{AOD} =&\,\, \frac{1}{2} \cdot OD \cdot AD\\[3mm] =&\,\, \frac{1}{2}(4)(\sqrt{128})\\[3mm] &\approx\,\, 22.627\ldots\text{ m}^2. \end{align*}

Therefore, the area of the lawn is:

Arealawn=AreacircleAreaminor sectorAreaAOD=144π72(π1.2309)22.627452.389137.56822.627=292.193292.2 m2\begin{align*} \text{Area}_{\text{lawn}} =&\,\, \text{Area}_{\text{circle}} - \text{Area}_{\text{minor sector}} - \text{Area}_{AOD}\\[3mm] =&\,\, 144\pi - 72(\pi - 1.2309\ldots) - 22.627\ldots\\[3mm] &\approx\,\, 452.389\ldots - 137.568\ldots - 22.627\ldots\\[3mm] =&\, \,\, 292.193\ldots\\[3mm] &\approx\,\, 292.2\text{ m}^2 \end{align*}

to one decimal place.

(c)

解法一

思路

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周长由 ABABADAD 和大弧 ACAC 组成。这里 AB=16AB=16AD=128AD=\sqrt{128},大弧长用 rθr\theta

答题过程

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The major arc length ACAC is

12(π+1.2309)=52.470.\begin{align*} 12(\pi+1.2309\ldots)=52.470\ldots. \end{align*}

Therefore the perimeter is

16+128+52.470=79.784=79.8 m.\begin{align*} 16+\sqrt{128}+52.470\ldots =&\,79.784\ldots\\ =&\,79.8\text{ m}. \end{align*}