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IAL 2022 Jan Q10

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

The curve CC has equation

y=1x29.\begin{align*} y=\frac1{x^2}-9. \end{align*}

(a) Sketch the graph of CC.

On your sketch

  • show the coordinates of any points of intersection with the coordinate axes
  • state clearly the equations of any asymptotes
(4)

The curve DD has equation y=kx2y=kx^2 where kk is a constant.

Given that CC meets DD at 4 distinct points,

(b) find the range of possible values for kk.

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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1x2\frac1{x^2} 永远为正,而且左右对称。减去 99 表示整张图像向下平移 99 个单位。因为 x=0x=0 时无定义,所以 x=0x=0 是竖直渐近线;当 x|x| 很大时,1x20\frac1{x^2}\to0,所以 y=9y=-9 是水平渐近线。

答题过程

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For the xx-intercepts, set y=0y=0:

1x29=01x2=9x2=19x=±13.\begin{align*} \frac1{x^2}-9=&\,0\\ \frac1{x^2}=&\,9\\ x^2=&\,\frac19\\ x=&\,\pm\frac13. \end{align*}

So the xx-intercepts are

(13,0)and(13,0).\begin{align*} \left(-\frac13,0\right) \quad\text{and}\quad \left(\frac13,0\right). \end{align*}

There is no yy-intercept because x=0x=0 is not in the domain.

The asymptotes are

x=0andy=9.\begin{align*} x=0 \quad\text{and}\quad y=-9. \end{align*}

The sketch should have two branches, symmetric about the yy-axis, approaching x=0x=0 vertically and approaching y=9y=-9 horizontally.

(b)

解法一

思路

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交点满足两条曲线的 yy 相等。整理后会得到关于 xx 的四次方程。因为里面只出现 x2x^2x4x^4,可以令 u=x2u=x^2,这样变成关于 uu 的二次方程。

要有 44 个不同交点,关于 uu 的方程需要有两个不同的正根;每个正的 uu 都会给出 x=±ux=\pm\sqrt u 两个不同的 xx 值。

答题过程

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At the points of intersection,

1x29=kx2.\begin{align*} \frac1{x^2}-9=&\,kx^2. \end{align*}

Multiply by x2x^2:

19x2=kx4kx4+9x21=0.\begin{align*} 1-9x^2=&\,kx^4\\ kx^4+9x^2-1=&\,0. \end{align*}

Let

u=x2.\begin{align*} u=x^2. \end{align*}

Then

ku2+9u1=0.\begin{align*} ku^2+9u-1=0. \end{align*}

For the curve y=kx2y=kx^2 to meet CC at 4 distinct points, the equation in uu must have two distinct positive roots.

First, kk must be negative. This makes the product of the two roots

1k\begin{align*} \frac{-1}{k} \end{align*}

positive, and the sum of the roots

9k\begin{align*} \frac{-9}{k} \end{align*}

positive.

The roots must also be distinct, so the discriminant must be positive:

b24ac>0924(k)(1)>081+4k>0k>814.\begin{align*} b^2-4ac&>0\\ 9^2-4(k)(-1)&>0\\ 81+4k&>0\\ k&>-\frac{81}{4}. \end{align*}

Combining this with k<0k<0 gives

814<k<0.\begin{align*} -\frac{81}{4}<k<0. \end{align*}