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IAL 2023 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the straight line ll and the curve CC.

Given that ll cuts the yy-axis at 12-12 and cuts the xx-axis at 44, as shown in Figure 2,

(a) find an equation for ll, writing your answer in the form y=mx+cy=mx+c, where mm and cc are constants to be found.

(2)

Given that CC

  • has equation y=f(x)y=f(x) where f(x)f(x) is a quadratic expression
  • has a minimum point at (7,18)(7,-18)
  • cuts the xx-axis at 44 and at kk, where kk is a constant

(b) deduce the value of kk,

(1)

(c) find f(x)f(x).

(3)

The region RR is shown shaded in Figure 2.

(d) Use inequalities to define RR.

(2)
题目中文翻译

图 2 展示了直线 ll 和曲线 CC 的草图。

已知直线 llyy 轴上的截距为 12-12,并在 x=4x=4 处与 xx 轴相交,如图 2 所示。

(a) 求直线 ll 的方程,将答案写成 y=mx+cy=mx+c 的形式,其中 mmcc 是待求常数。

已知曲线 CC

  • 方程为 y=f(x)y=f(x),其中 f(x)f(x) 是二次表达式
  • 最低点为 (7,18)(7,-18)
  • x=4x=4x=kx=k 处与 xx 轴相交,其中 kk 是常数

(b) 推断 kk 的值。

(c) 求 f(x)f(x)

阴影区域 RR 如图 2 所示。

(d) 用不等式定义区域 RR

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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直线的 yy 轴截距是 12-12,所以 c=12c=-12。它还经过 (4,0)(4,0),可以用两个截距求斜率。

答题过程

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The line passes through (0,12)(0,-12) and (4,0)(4,0), so its gradient is

m=0(12)40=124=3.\begin{align*} m =&\,\frac{0-(-12)}{4-0}\\ =&\,\frac{12}{4}\\ =&\,3. \end{align*}

Since the yy-intercept is 12-12,

y=3x12.\begin{align*} y=3x-12. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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二次函数的对称轴经过最低点,所以对称轴是 x=7x=7。两个 xx 轴截距关于 x=7x=7 对称。已知其中一个是 x=4x=4,另一个到 77 的距离也应为 33

答题过程

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The minimum point is (7,18)(7,-18), so the axis of symmetry is

x=7.\begin{align*} x=7. \end{align*}

The two roots are symmetric about x=7x=7. Since one root is x=4x=4,

74=3.\begin{align*} 7-4=3. \end{align*}

Therefore the other root is

k=7+3=10.\begin{align*} k=7+3=10. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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已知两个根是 441010,可以写成 f(x)=A(x4)(x10)f(x)=A(x-4)(x-10)。再把最低点 (7,18)(7,-18) 代入求 AA

答题过程

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Since the roots are 44 and 1010,

f(x)=A(x4)(x10).\begin{align*} f(x)=A(x-4)(x-10). \end{align*}

Use the point (7,18)(7,-18):

18=A(74)(710)18=A(3)(3)18=9AA=2.\begin{align*} -18=&\,A(7-4)(7-10)\\ -18=&\,A(3)(-3)\\ -18=&\,-9A\\ A=&\,2. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=2(x4)(x10).\begin{align*} f(x)=2(x-4)(x-10). \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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最低点是 (7,18)(7,-18),所以也可以从完成平方形式开始:f(x)=a(x7)218f(x)=a(x-7)^2-18。再代入一个 xx 轴截距求 aa

答题过程

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Since the minimum point is (7,18)(7,-18), write

f(x)=a(x7)218.\begin{align*} f(x)=a(x-7)^2-18. \end{align*}

Use the root x=4x=4:

0=a(47)2180=9a18a=2.\begin{align*} 0=&\,a(4-7)^2-18\\ 0=&\,9a-18\\ a=&\,2. \end{align*}

Therefore

f(x)=2(x7)218.\begin{align*} f(x)=2(x-7)^2-18. \end{align*}

This is equivalent to

f(x)=2(x4)(x10).\begin{align*} f(x)=2(x-4)(x-10). \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

阴影区域在 yy 轴右侧、x=4x=4 左侧,也就是 0<x<40<x<4。从图像看,它在直线之上、二次曲线之下。

答题过程

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The region is to the right of the yy-axis and to the left of x=4x=4, so

0<x<4.\begin{align*} 0<x<4. \end{align*}

It is above the line and below the curve, so

3x12<y<2(x4)(x10).\begin{align*} 3x-12<y<2(x-4)(x-10). \end{align*}

Therefore the region RR is defined by

0<x<4,3x12<y<2(x4)(x10).\begin{align*} 0<x<4, \qquad 3x-12<y<2(x-4)(x-10). \end{align*}