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IAL 2024 May Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 3 shows

  • the line ll with equation y5x=75y-5x=75
  • the curve CC with equation y=2x2+x21y=2x^2+x-21

The line ll intersects the curve CC at the points PP and QQ, as shown in Figure 3.

(a) Find, using algebra, the coordinates of PP and the coordinates of QQ.

(4)

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by CC, ll and the xx-axis.

(b) Use inequalities to define the region RR.

(3)
题目中文翻译

本题必须写出所有计算步骤。

不接受依赖计算器技术的解答。

图 3 显示了

  • 直线 ll,其方程为 y5x=75y-5x=75
  • 曲线 CC,其方程为 y=2x2+x21y=2x^2+x-21

如图 3 所示,直线 ll 与曲线 CC 相交于点 PPQQ

(a) 用代数方法求点 PP 和点 QQ 的坐标。

(4)

图 3 中的阴影区域 RRCCllxx 轴围成。

(b) 用不等式定义区域 RR

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

交点满足直线和曲线的 yy 值相等。先解出 xx,再代回直线方程求 yy

答题过程

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The line is

y=5x+75.\begin{align*} y=5x+75. \end{align*}

At intersections,

2x2+x21=5x+752x24x96=0x22x48=0(x8)(x+6)=0.\begin{align*} 2x^2+x-21=&\,5x+75\\ 2x^2-4x-96=&\,0\\ x^2-2x-48=&\,0\\ (x-8)(x+6)=&\,0. \end{align*}

So

x=8orx=6.\begin{align*} x=8\quad\text{or}\quad x=-6. \end{align*}

Using y=5x+75y=5x+75:

x=6:y=5(6)+75=45,x=8:y=5(8)+75=115.\begin{align*} x=-6&:\quad y=5(-6)+75=45,\\ x=8&:\quad y=5(8)+75=115. \end{align*}

Therefore

P=(6,45),Q=(8,115).\begin{align*} P=(-6,45),\qquad Q=(8,115). \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

官方评分资料也接受消去 xx 的路线。先由直线方程把 xx 写成 yy 的式子,再代入抛物线,得到关于 yy 的二次方程。

答题过程

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From the line,

x=y755.\begin{align*} x=\frac{y-75}{5}. \end{align*}

Substitute this into the equation of CC:

y=2(y755)2+y75521.\begin{align*} y =&\,2\left(\frac{y-75}{5}\right)^2 +\frac{y-75}{5}-21. \end{align*}

Multiplying by 2525 and simplifying,

25y=2(y75)2+5(y75)5250=2y2320y+103500=y2160y+51750=(y45)(y115).\begin{align*} 25y=&\,2(y-75)^2+5(y-75)-525\\ 0=&\,2y^2-320y+10350\\ 0=&\,y^2-160y+5175\\ 0=&\,(y-45)(y-115). \end{align*}

Thus y=45y=45 or y=115y=115. Using x=y755x=\dfrac{y-75}{5} gives

y=45:x=6,y=115:x=8.\begin{align*} y=45&:\quad x=-6,\\ y=115&:\quad x=8. \end{align*}

Therefore

P=(6,45),Q=(8,115).\begin{align*} P=(-6,45),\qquad Q=(8,115). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

图中阴影区域在 xx 轴上方,同时在直线下方、在抛物线下方。为了只取左边被三条边围住的那一块,还要限制 x72x\le-\frac72,因为抛物线和 xx 轴的左交点是 x=72x=-\frac72

答题过程

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The region is above the xx-axis:

y0.\begin{align*} y\ge0. \end{align*}

It is below the line:

y5x+75.\begin{align*} y\le5x+75. \end{align*}

It is also below the curve:

y2x2+x21.\begin{align*} y\le2x^2+x-21. \end{align*}

The left xx-intercept of the curve is found from

2x2+x21=0(2x+7)(x3)=0,\begin{align*} 2x^2+x-21=&\,0\\ (2x+7)(x-3)=&\,0, \end{align*}

so it is x=72x=-\frac72.

Therefore RR is defined by

y0,y5x+75,y2x2+x21,x72.\begin{align*} y&\ge0,\\ y&\le5x+75,\\ y&\le2x^2+x-21,\\ x&\le-\frac72. \end{align*}