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IAL 2024 May Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Given that

  • the point AA has coordinates (4,2)(4,2)
  • the point BB has coordinates (15,7)(15,7)
  • the line l1l_1 passes through AA and BB

(a) find an equation for l1l_1, giving your answer in the form px+qy+r=0px+qy+r=0 where pp, qq and rr are integers to be found.

(3)

The line l2l_2 passes through AA and is parallel to the xx-axis.

The point CC lies on l2l_2 so that the length of BCBC is 555\sqrt5.

(b) Find both possible pairs of coordinates of the point CC.

(4)

(c) Hence find the minimum possible area of triangle ABCABC.

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先用两点求斜率,再用点斜式写直线方程,最后整理成整数系数的一边等于 00

答题过程

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The gradient of ABAB is

m=72154=511.\begin{align*} m =&\,\frac{7-2}{15-4}\\ =&\,\frac5{11}. \end{align*}

Using point A(4,2)A(4,2),

y2=511(x4).\begin{align*} y-2=&\,\frac5{11}(x-4). \end{align*}

Multiply by 1111:

11y22=5x205x11y+2=0.\begin{align*} 11y-22=&\,5x-20\\ 5x-11y+2=&\,0. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可以设直线为 y=mx+cy=mx+c,把 AABB 都代入,联立求出 m,cm,c

答题过程

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Let the line be

y=mx+c.\begin{align*} y=mx+c. \end{align*}

Using A(4,2)A(4,2) and B(15,7)B(15,7),

2=4m+c,7=15m+c.\begin{align*} 2=&\,4m+c,\\ 7=&\,15m+c. \end{align*}

Subtract the first equation from the second:

5=11mm=511.\begin{align*} 5=&\,11m\\ m=&\,\frac5{11}. \end{align*}

Then

2=4(511)+cc=211.\begin{align*} 2=&\,4\left(\frac5{11}\right)+c\\ c=&\,\frac2{11}. \end{align*}

So

y=511x+211.\begin{align*} y=\frac5{11}x+\frac2{11}. \end{align*}

Multiply by 1111 and rearrange:

11y=5x+25x11y+2=0.\begin{align*} 11y=&\,5x+2\\ 5x-11y+2=&\,0. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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l2l_2A(4,2)A(4,2) 且平行于 xx 轴,所以 CCyy 坐标一定是 22。设 C=(x,2)C=(x,2),再用 BC=55BC=5\sqrt5 的距离条件求 xx

答题过程

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Since l2l_2 is parallel to the xx-axis and passes through A(4,2)A(4,2),

l2: y=2.\begin{align*} l_2:\ y=2. \end{align*}

Let

C=(x,2).\begin{align*} C=(x,2). \end{align*}

Using B(15,7)B(15,7) and BC=55BC=5\sqrt5,

(x15)2+(27)2=(55)2(x15)2+25=125(x15)2=100x15=±10.\begin{align*} (x-15)^2+(2-7)^2=&\,(5\sqrt5)^2\\ (x-15)^2+25=&\,125\\ (x-15)^2=&\,100\\ x-15=&\,\pm10. \end{align*}

So

x=5orx=25.\begin{align*} x=5\quad\text{or}\quad x=25. \end{align*}

Therefore

C=(5,2)orC=(25,2).\begin{align*} C=(5,2)\quad\text{or}\quad C=(25,2). \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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两种 CC 都在直线 y=2y=2 上,所以 ACAC 是水平底边。点 BB 到这条水平线的高度是 72=57-2=5。比较两个底边长度,取较小的面积。

答题过程

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If C=(5,2)C=(5,2), then

AC=54=1.\begin{align*} AC=5-4=1. \end{align*}

If C=(25,2)C=(25,2), then

AC=254=21.\begin{align*} AC=25-4=21. \end{align*}

The minimum area uses AC=1AC=1.

The perpendicular height from BB to y=2y=2 is

72=5.\begin{align*} 7-2=5. \end{align*}

Hence

minimum area=12(1)(5)=52.\begin{align*} \text{minimum area} =&\,\frac12(1)(5)\\ =&\,\frac52. \end{align*}