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IAL 2024 May R Q10

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 May (R) Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The curve CC has equation

y=23x325x56x+1943,x>0.\begin{align*} y=\frac23x^3-25x-\frac{56}{x}+\frac{194}{3}, \qquad x>0. \end{align*}

The point PP, which lies on CC, has coordinates (2,8)(2,-8).

(a) Show that an equation of the tangent to CC at PP is

y=3x2.\begin{align*} y=-3x-2. \end{align*}
(5)

The point QQ also lies on CC.

Given that the tangent to CC at QQ is parallel to the tangent to CC at PP,

(b) find, using algebra and showing your working, the exact xx coordinate of QQ.

(5)
题目中文翻译

本题必须写出解题过程的所有步骤。

不得使用依赖计算器技术的解法。

曲线 CC 的方程为

y=23x325x56x+1943,x>0.\begin{align*} y=\frac23x^3-25x-\frac{56}{x}+\frac{194}{3}, \qquad x>0. \end{align*}

PP 位于 CC 上,其坐标为 (2,8)(2,-8)

(a) 证明 CCPP 点处的一条切线方程为

y=3x2.\begin{align*} y=-3x-2. \end{align*}
(5)

QQ 也位于 CC 上。

已知 CCQQ 点处的切线与 CCPP 点处的切线平行,

(b) 使用代数方法并写出解题过程,求点 QQxx 坐标的精确值。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先求导,再把 x=2x=2 代入求切线斜率。切线经过 P(2,8)P(2,-8),用点斜式即可推出目标直线。

答题过程

展开

Differentiate:

dydx=2x225+56x2.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,2x^2-25+\frac{56}{x^2}. \end{align*}

At PP, x=2x=2, so

dydxx=2=2(2)225+5622=825+14=3.\begin{align*} \left.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\right|_{x=2} =&\,2(2)^2-25+\frac{56}{2^2}\\ =&\,8-25+14\\ =&\,-3. \end{align*}

The tangent at P(2,8)P(2,-8) has gradient 3-3, so

y(8)=3(x2)y+8=3x+6y=3x2.\begin{align*} y-(-8)=&\,-3(x-2)\\ y+8=&\,-3x+6\\ y=&\,-3x-2. \end{align*}

This is the required result.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

平行切线说明斜率相同,所以令导数等于 3-3。整理时会得到关于 x2x^2 的二次方程;一个解对应原来的点 PP,另一个正解就是点 QQxx 坐标。

答题过程

展开

For a tangent parallel to the tangent at PP,

dydx=3.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-3. \end{align*}

So

2x225+56x2=32x222+56x2=0.\begin{align*} 2x^2-25+\frac{56}{x^2}=&\,-3\\ 2x^2-22+\frac{56}{x^2}=&\,0. \end{align*}

Multiply by x2x^2:

2x422x2+56=0x411x2+28=0.\begin{align*} 2x^4-22x^2+56=&\,0\\ x^4-11x^2+28=&\,0. \end{align*}

Let u=x2u=x^2. Then

u211u+28=0(u4)(u7)=0.\begin{align*} u^2-11u+28=&\,0\\ (u-4)(u-7)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Therefore

x2=4orx2=7.\begin{align*} x^2=4 \quad\text{or}\quad x^2=7. \end{align*}

Since x>0x>0,

x=2orx=7.\begin{align*} x=2 \quad\text{or}\quad x=\sqrt7. \end{align*}

The value x=2x=2 gives the point PP, so the exact xx coordinate of QQ is

7.\begin{align*} \sqrt7. \end{align*}