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IAL 2024 May R Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 May (R) Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Figure 3 shows a sketch of

Figure 3
  • the curve with equation y=tan(xπ6)y=\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right) for 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi
  • part of the straight line ll with equation y=πxy=\pi-x

(a) State the number of solutions of the equation

(i) tan(xπ6)=πx\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x in the interval 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi

(ii) tan(xπ6)=πx\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x in the interval 0x100π0\le x\le100\pi

(iii) tan(xπ6)=π+x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi+x in the interval 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi

(3)

The line with equation x=ax=a, shown in Figure 3, is the asymptote to the curve with the smallest positive xx coordinate.

(b) State the value of aa.

(1)

The line with equation x=bx=b, also shown in Figure 3, is the asymptote to the curve with the second smallest positive xx coordinate.

The line ll meets x=ax=a at point PP and meets x=bx=b at point QQ as shown in Figure 3.

(c) Find the midpoint of the line segment PQPQ.

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 3 是下列图形的草图:

  • 曲线 y=tan(xπ6)y=\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right),其中 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi
  • 直线 ll 的一部分,其方程为 y=πxy=\pi-x

(a) 写出下列方程的解的个数:

(i) 在区间 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi 内,tan(xπ6)=πx\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x

(ii) 在区间 0x100π0\le x\le100\pi 内,tan(xπ6)=πx\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x

(iii) 在区间 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi 内,tan(xπ6)=π+x\tan\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi+x

(3)

图 3 中方程为 x=ax=a 的直线,是该曲线上具有最小正 xx 坐标的渐近线。

(b) 写出 aa 的值。

(1)

图 3 中方程为 x=bx=b 的直线,是该曲线上具有第二小正 xx 坐标的渐近线。

如图 3 所示,直线 llx=ax=a 相交于点 PP,并与 x=bx=b 相交于点 QQ

(c) 求线段 PQPQ 的中点。

(4)

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

解的个数就是直线 y=πxy=\pi-x 和正切图像的交点个数,在给出的图中直接计数。

答题过程

展开

Using the graph:

tan(xπ6)=πx\begin{align*} \tan\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi-x \end{align*}

has

3\begin{align*} 3 \end{align*}

solutions in 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

正切图像每隔 π\pi 重复一次。把区间扩展到 100π100\pi 后,逐个周期计算与同一直线的交点,并计入端点所在分支。

答题过程

展开

Over 0x100π0\le x\le100\pi, the tangent curve repeats every π\pi, giving one intersection in each main branch, with the endpoint branch included.

Hence the number of solutions is

101.\begin{align*} 101. \end{align*}

(a)(iii)

解法一

思路

展开

把右边视为直线 y=π+xy=\pi+x,在 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi 内数它与正切图像的交点。

答题过程

展开

For

tan(xπ6)=π+x,\begin{align*} \tan\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\pi+x, \end{align*}

the corresponding line has positive gradient. In 0x2π0\le x\le2\pi, it intersects the tangent curve

2\begin{align*} 2 \end{align*}

times.

(b)

解法一

思路

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tanu\tan u 的渐近线在 u=π2+nπu=\frac\pi2+n\pi。这里 u=xπ6u=x-\frac\pi6,所以令 xπ6=π2x-\frac\pi6=\frac\pi2 得到最小正渐近线。

答题过程

展开

The vertical asymptotes occur when

xπ6=π2+nπ.\begin{align*} x-\frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{\pi}{2}+n\pi. \end{align*}

For the smallest positive value,

xπ6=π2x=π2+π6x=2π3.\begin{align*} x-\frac{\pi}{6}=&\,\frac{\pi}{2}\\ x=&\,\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{6}\\ x=&\,\frac{2\pi}{3}. \end{align*}

Therefore

a=2π3.\begin{align*} a=\frac{2\pi}{3}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

相邻正切渐近线相差 π\pi,所以 b=a+πb=a+\pi。点 P,QP,Q 都在直线 y=πxy=\pi-x 上,分别代入 x=a,bx=a,b 求坐标,再用中点公式。

答题过程

展开

The second smallest positive asymptote is

b=a+π=2π3+π=5π3.\begin{align*} b =&\,a+\pi\\ =&\,\frac{2\pi}{3}+\pi\\ =&\,\frac{5\pi}{3}. \end{align*}

Since PP lies on x=ax=a and y=πxy=\pi-x,

P=(2π3,π2π3)=(2π3,π3).\begin{align*} P =&\,\left(\frac{2\pi}{3},\pi-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right)\\ =&\,\left(\frac{2\pi}{3},\frac{\pi}{3}\right). \end{align*}

Since QQ lies on x=bx=b and y=πxy=\pi-x,

Q=(5π3,π5π3)=(5π3,2π3).\begin{align*} Q =&\,\left(\frac{5\pi}{3},\pi-\frac{5\pi}{3}\right)\\ =&\,\left(\frac{5\pi}{3},-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right). \end{align*}

The midpoint of PQPQ is

(2π3+5π32,π32π32)=(7π6,π6).\begin{align*} \left( \frac{\frac{2\pi}{3}+\frac{5\pi}{3}}{2}, \frac{\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{2\pi}{3}}{2} \right) =&\,\left(\frac{7\pi}{6},-\frac{\pi}{6}\right). \end{align*}