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IAL 2024 Oct Q1

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2024 Oct Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

The line l1l_1 passes through the point A(5,20)A(-5,20) and the point B(3,4)B(3,-4).

(a) Find an equation for l1l_1 giving your answer in the form y=mx+cy=mx+c, where mm and cc are constants.

(3)

The line l2l_2 is perpendicular to l1l_1 and passes through the midpoint of ABAB.

(b) Find an equation for l2l_2 giving your answer in the form px+qy+r=0px+qy+r=0, where pp, qq and rr are integers.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先用两点求斜率,再把其中一个点代入 y=mx+cy=mx+c 求截距。

答题过程

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The gradient of l1l_1 is

m=4203(5)=248=3.\begin{align*} m =&\,\frac{-4-20}{3-(-5)}\\ =&\,\frac{-24}{8}\\ =&\,-3. \end{align*}

So l1l_1 has equation

y=3x+c.\begin{align*} y=-3x+c. \end{align*}

Using A(5,20)A(-5,20),

20=3(5)+c20=15+cc=5.\begin{align*} 20=&\,-3(-5)+c\\ 20=&\,15+c\\ c=&\,5. \end{align*}

Therefore

y=3x+5.\begin{align*} y=-3x+5. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可以直接把两个点代入 y=mx+cy=mx+c,形成两个联立方程。这种方法不用先背点斜式,但代数要稳。

答题过程

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Since A(5,20)A(-5,20) and B(3,4)B(3,-4) lie on y=mx+cy=mx+c,

20=5m+c,4=3m+c.\begin{align*} 20=&\,-5m+c,\\ -4=&\,3m+c. \end{align*}

Subtract the second equation from the first:

24=8mm=3.\begin{align*} 24=&\,-8m\\ m=&\,-3. \end{align*}

Substitute m=3m=-3 into 4=3m+c-4=3m+c:

4=3(3)+c4=9+cc=5.\begin{align*} -4=&\,3(-3)+c\\ -4=&\,-9+c\\ c=&\,5. \end{align*}

Therefore

y=3x+5.\begin{align*} y=-3x+5. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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垂直直线的斜率互为负倒数。因为 l1l_1 的斜率是 3-3,所以 l2l_2 的斜率是 13\frac13

l2l_2 还经过 ABAB 的中点,所以先求中点,再用点斜式写出直线。

答题过程

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The midpoint of ABAB is

(5+32,20+(4)2)=(1,8).\begin{align*} \left(\frac{-5+3}{2},\frac{20+(-4)}{2}\right) =(-1,8). \end{align*}

Since l1l_1 has gradient 3-3, the gradient of l2l_2 is

13.\begin{align*} \frac13. \end{align*}

Using the point (1,8)(-1,8),

y8=13(x+1).\begin{align*} y-8=&\,\frac13(x+1). \end{align*}

Multiply by 33:

3y24=x+1x3y+25=0.\begin{align*} 3y-24=&\,x+1\\ x-3y+25=&\,0. \end{align*}

Therefore

x3y+25=0.\begin{align*} x-3y+25=0. \end{align*}