题目
Problem
The line l1 passes through the point A(−5,20) and the point B(3,−4).
(a) Find an equation for l1 giving your answer in the form y=mx+c, where m and c are constants.
(3)
The line l2 is perpendicular to l1 and passes through the midpoint of AB.
(b) Find an equation for l2 giving your answer in the form px+qy+r=0, where p, q and r are integers.
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先用两点求斜率,再把其中一个点代入 y=mx+c 求截距。
答题过程
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The gradient of l1 is
m===3−(−5)−4−208−24−3.
So l1 has equation
y=−3x+c.
Using A(−5,20),
20=20=c=−3(−5)+c15+c5.
Therefore
y=−3x+5.
解法二
思路
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也可以直接把两个点代入 y=mx+c,形成两个联立方程。这种方法不用先背点斜式,但代数要稳。
答题过程
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Since A(−5,20) and B(3,−4) lie on y=mx+c,
20=−4=−5m+c,3m+c.
Subtract the second equation from the first:
24=m=−8m−3.
Substitute m=−3 into −4=3m+c:
−4=−4=c=3(−3)+c−9+c5.
Therefore
y=−3x+5.
(b)
解法一
思路
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垂直直线的斜率互为负倒数。因为 l1 的斜率是 −3,所以 l2 的斜率是 31。
l2 还经过 AB 的中点,所以先求中点,再用点斜式写出直线。
答题过程
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The midpoint of AB is
(2−5+3,220+(−4))=(−1,8).
Since l1 has gradient −3, the gradient of l2 is
31.
Using the point (−1,8),
y−8=31(x+1).
Multiply by 3:
3y−24=x−3y+25=x+10.
Therefore
x−3y+25=0.