题目
Problem
Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation
Figure 1
y=4cosx
where x is measured in degrees.
The points P and Q lie on the curve and are shown in Figure 1.
(a) State the coordinates of P.
(1)
(b) State the coordinates of Q.
(2)
(c) State the number of solutions of the equation
(i) 4cosx=3 in the interval 0<x≤18000∘
(ii) 5+4cosx=1 in the interval −720∘<x≤720∘
(iii) 4cosx−3=1 in the interval −1080∘≤x≤1080∘.
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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y=4cosx 在 x=270∘ 时穿过 x 轴,图中的 P 是这个点。
答题过程
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At P,
x=270∘,y=0.
So
P=(270∘,0).
(b)
解法一
思路
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Q 是左侧的最低点。余弦曲线在 x=−180∘ 时取最小值,y=−4。
答题过程
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At Q,
x=−180∘,y=−4.
So
Q=(−180∘,−4).
(c)
解法一
思路
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y=4cosx 的周期是 360∘。不在最高或最低点的水平线通常每个周期有两个交点;若刚好是最高或最低点,每个周期只有一个对应点。端点是否包含要单独看。
答题过程
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(i) The interval
0<x≤18000∘
contains
36018000=50
full periods. Since 4cosx=3 has two solutions in each period, the number of solutions is
50×2=100.
(ii)
5+4cosx=4cosx=cosx=1−4−1.
This happens at x=180∘+360∘n. In
−720∘<x≤720∘,
there are 4 such values. So the number of solutions is
4.
(iii)
4cosx−3=4cosx=cosx=141.
This happens at x=360∘n. In
−1080∘≤x≤1080∘,
there are 7 such values. So the number of solutions is
7.