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IAL 2025 May Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

Figure 1
y=4cosx\begin{align*} y=4\cos x \end{align*}

where xx is measured in degrees.

The points PP and QQ lie on the curve and are shown in Figure 1.

(a) State the coordinates of PP.

(1)

(b) State the coordinates of QQ.

(2)

(c) State the number of solutions of the equation

(i) 4cosx=34\cos x=3 in the interval 0<x180000<x\leq18000^\circ

(ii) 5+4cosx=15+4\cos x=1 in the interval 720<x720-720^\circ<x\leq720^\circ

(iii) 4cosx3=14\cos x-3=1 in the interval 1080x1080-1080^\circ\leq x\leq1080^\circ.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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y=4cosxy=4\cos xx=270x=270^\circ 时穿过 xx 轴,图中的 PP 是这个点。

答题过程

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At PP,

x=270,y=0.\begin{align*} x=270^\circ,\qquad y=0. \end{align*}

So

P=(270,0).\begin{align*} P=(270^\circ,0). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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QQ 是左侧的最低点。余弦曲线在 x=180x=-180^\circ 时取最小值,y=4y=-4

答题过程

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At QQ,

x=180,y=4.\begin{align*} x=-180^\circ,\qquad y=-4. \end{align*}

So

Q=(180,4).\begin{align*} Q=(-180^\circ,-4). \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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y=4cosxy=4\cos x 的周期是 360360^\circ。不在最高或最低点的水平线通常每个周期有两个交点;若刚好是最高或最低点,每个周期只有一个对应点。端点是否包含要单独看。

答题过程

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(i) The interval

0<x18000\begin{align*} 0<x\leq18000^\circ \end{align*}

contains

18000360=50\begin{align*} \frac{18000}{360}=50 \end{align*}

full periods. Since 4cosx=34\cos x=3 has two solutions in each period, the number of solutions is

50×2=100.\begin{align*} 50\times2=100. \end{align*}

(ii)

5+4cosx=14cosx=4cosx=1.\begin{align*} 5+4\cos x=&\,1\\ 4\cos x=&\,-4\\ \cos x=&\,-1. \end{align*}

This happens at x=180+360nx=180^\circ+360^\circ n. In

720<x720,\begin{align*} -720^\circ<x\leq720^\circ, \end{align*}

there are 44 such values. So the number of solutions is

4.\begin{align*} 4. \end{align*}

(iii)

4cosx3=14cosx=4cosx=1.\begin{align*} 4\cos x-3=&\,1\\ 4\cos x=&\,4\\ \cos x=&\,1. \end{align*}

This happens at x=360nx=360^\circ n. In

1080x1080,\begin{align*} -1080^\circ\leq x\leq1080^\circ, \end{align*}

there are 77 such values. So the number of solutions is

7.\begin{align*} 7. \end{align*}