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IAL 2023 Jan Q3

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

f(x)=(2+kx8)7\mathrm{f}(x) = \left( 2 + \frac{kx}{8} \right)^7

where kk is a non-zero constant.

(a) Find the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of xx, of the binomial expansion of f(x)\mathrm{f}(x). Give each term in simplest form.

(4)

Given that, in the binomial expansion of f(x)\mathrm{f}(x), the coefficients of xx, x2x^2 and x3x^3 are the first 3 terms of an arithmetic progression,

(b) find, using algebra, the possible values of kk.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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使用二项式定理(Binomial Theorem)展開公式:

(a+b)n=an+(n1)an1b+(n2)an2b2+(n3)an3b3+(a + b)^n = a^n + \binom{n}{1} a^{n-1}b + \binom{n}{2} a^{n-2}b^2 + \binom{n}{3} a^{n-3}b^3 + \cdots

本題中 a=2a = 2b=kx8b = \frac{kx}{8}n=7n = 7。將這些項代入公式並化簡前 4 項即可。

答题过程

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Using the binomial expansion formula:

f(x)=(2+kx8)7=27+(71)26(kx8)+(72)25(kx8)2+(73)24(kx8)3+=128+7(64)(kx8)+21(32)(k2x264)+35(16)(k3x3512)+=128+56kx+212k2x2+3532k3x3+\begin{align*} \mathrm{f}(x) =&\,\, \left( 2 + \frac{kx}{8} \right)^7 \\[3mm] =&\,\, 2^7 + \binom{7}{1} 2^6 \left( \frac{kx}{8} \right) + \binom{7}{2} 2^5 \left( \frac{kx}{8} \right)^2 + \binom{7}{3} 2^4 \left( \frac{kx}{8} \right)^3 + \cdots \\[3mm] =&\,\, 128 + 7(64)\left( \frac{kx}{8} \right) + 21(32)\left( \frac{k^2x^2}{64} \right) + 35(16)\left( \frac{k^3x^3}{512} \right) + \cdots \\[3mm] =&\,\, 128 + 56kx + \frac{21}{2}k^2x^2 + \frac{35}{32}k^3x^3 + \cdots \end{align*}

Therefore, the first 4 terms of the expansion are:

128+56kx+212k2x2+3532k3x3.\begin{align*} 128 + 56kx + \frac{21}{2}k^2x^2 + \frac{35}{32}k^3x^3. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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  1. 提取係數:從 (a) 的展開式中,得到 xxx2x^2x3x^3 的係數分別為: a=56k,b=212k2,c=3532k3a = 56k, \quad b = \frac{21}{2}k^2, \quad c = \frac{35}{32}k^3
  2. 等差數列條件:若這三個係數按順序構成等差數列(arithmetic progression),則滿足關係: 2b=a+c2b = a + c
  3. 求解 kk:代入係數表達式後,得到一個關於 kk 的三次方程。由於 k0k \neq 0,可以兩邊同除以 kk,從而將其化簡為一元二次方程,再進行因式分解即可求出 kk 的可能值。

答题过程

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The coefficients of xx, x2x^2 and x3x^3 are 56k56k, 212k2\frac{21}{2}k^2 and 3532k3\frac{35}{32}k^3 respectively.

Since these coefficients form the first 3 terms of an arithmetic progression, we have:

2(212k2)=56k+3532k321k2=56k+3532k3.\begin{align*} 2\left( \frac{21}{2}k^2 \right) =&\,\, 56k + \frac{35}{32}k^3 \\[3mm] 21k^2 =&\,\, 56k + \frac{35}{32}k^3. \end{align*}

Given that kk is a non-zero constant (k0k \neq 0), we can divide both sides of the equation by kk:

21k=56+3532k2.\begin{align*} 21k =&\,\, 56 + \frac{35}{32}k^2. \end{align*}

Multiply the entire equation by 3232 to clear the fraction:

672k=1792+35k235k2672k+1792=0.\begin{align*} 672k =&\,\, 1792 + 35k^2 \\[2mm] 35k^2 - 672k + 1792 =&\,\, 0. \end{align*}

Divide by 77:

5k296k+256=0(5k16)(k16)=0.\begin{align*} 5k^2 - 96k + 256 =&\,\, 0 \\[2mm] (5k - 16)(k - 16) =&\,\, 0. \end{align*}

Solving for kk:

k=16ork=165.\begin{align*} k = 16 \quad \text{or} \quad k = \frac{16}{5}. \end{align*}