题目
Problem
(i) Using the laws of logarithms, solve
log3(4x)+2=log3(5x+7)
(3)
(ii) Given that
r=1∑2(logay)r=r=1∑2loga(yr)
where y>1, a>1, y=a,
find y in terms of a, giving your answer in simplest form.
(3)
解答
(i)
解法一
思路
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- 同底化簡:將常數 2 寫成以 3 為底的對數形式:2=log3(32)=log39。
- 對數相加:利用對數相加公式 logbA+logbB=logb(AB) 合併左邊:
log3(4x)+log39=log3(36x)
- 去對數求解:令兩邊真數相等:
36x=5x+7
解此一元一次方程即可,最後檢查解是否滿足真數大於 0 的條件。
答题过程
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Using the laws of logarithms:
log3(4x)+2=log3(4x)+log3(32)=log3(4x)+log39=log3(36x)=log3(5x+7)log3(5x+7)log3(5x+7)log3(5x+7).
Since the bases are equal, we can equate the arguments:
36x=31x=x=5x+77317.
Since x=317>0, both arguments 4x and 5x+7 are positive.
Therefore, the solution is:
x=317.
(ii)
解法一
思路
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- 展開求和式:
- 左邊的求和式為:
r=1∑2(logay)r=(logay)1+(logay)2=logay+(logay)2
- 右邊的求和式為:
r=1∑2loga(yr)=loga(y1)+loga(y2)=logay+2logay=3logay
- 建立二次方程:
令兩邊相等:
logay+(logay)2=3logay
移項化簡得:
(logay)2−2logay=0
- 求解:
因式分解得 logay(logay−2)=0。
由於已知 y>1 且 a>1,所以 logay>0,即 logay=0。
因此,只能是 logay=2,解得 y=a2。
答题过程
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Expand the summations on both sides of the equation:
r=1∑2(logay)r==(logay)1+(logay)2logay+(logay)2.
And,
r=1∑2loga(yr)===loga(y1)+loga(y2)logay+2logay3logay.
Equating the two sides:
logay+(logay)2=(logay)2−2logay=logay(logay−2)=3logay00.
Since y>1 and a>1, we have logay>0, which implies logay=0.
Therefore,
logay−2=logay=y=02a2.