题目
Problem
The circle C
- has centre A(3,5)
- passes through the point B(8,−7)
(a) Find an equation for C.
(3)
The points M and N lie on C such that MN is a chord of C.
Given that MN
- lies above the x-axis
- is parallel to the x-axis
- has length 422
(b) find an equation for the line passing through points M and N.
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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圆心已经给出,所以只需要用点 B 求半径。圆的标准形式是 (x−a)2+(y−b)2=r2。
答题过程
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The centre is A(3,5).
The radius is AB, so
r2====(8−3)2+(−7−5)252+(−12)225+144169.
Therefore, an equation of C is
(x−3)2+(y−5)2=169.
(b)
解法一
思路
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水平弦的中点在圆心正上方或正下方。因为弦在 x-axis 上方,所以选圆心上方。半弦长是 222,半径是 13,用直角三角形求圆心到弦的距离。
答题过程
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The radius of the circle is
r=13.
Since MN has length 422, half of the chord has length
222.
Let the perpendicular distance from A to the chord MN be d.
Using Pythagoras’ theorem,
d2+(222)2=d2+88=d2=d=132169819.
The centre is A(3,5), and MN lies above the x-axis, so the y-coordinate of MN is
5+9=14.
Therefore, the equation of the line through M and N is
y=14.
解法二
思路
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由于 MN 平行于 x 轴,设直线方程为 y=k(且 k>0)。因为 MN 的长度为 422,且圆的对称轴为 x=3,所以 M,N 的 x 坐标为 3±222。将其代入圆方程中可以直接求解 k。
答题过程
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Since the chord MN is parallel to the x-axis, its equation can be written as y=k (where k>0).
The centre of the circle is A(3,5) and the length of MN is 422, which means the x-coordinates of the points M and N are symmetrically placed at:
x=3±222
Substitute these coordinates into the equation of C from part (a):
(x−3)2+(y−5)2=(3±222−3)2+(k−5)2=(222)2+(k−5)2=88+(k−5)2=(k−5)2=k−5=16916916916981±9.
This gives two possible values:
k=14ork=−4
Since the chord lies above the x-axis, we must have k>0, so k=14.
Therefore, the equation of the line is y=14.