Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2025 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

Figure 2

The point A(1,2)A(-1,2) and the point B(11,6)B(11,6) both lie on a circle with centre PP. The point MM is the midpoint of ABAB. Given that the line ll passes through MM and PP, as shown in Figure 2,

(a) find an equation for ll, giving your answer in the form y=mx+cy=mx+c, where mm and cc are constants.

(4)

Given that PP has coordinates (7,k)(7,k), where kk is a constant,

(b) find the value of kk,

(1)

(c) find an equation for the circle.

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

圆心到弦的中点连线垂直于弦,所以 MPMP 垂直于 ABAB。先求 MMABAB 的斜率,再求垂线方程。

答题过程

展开

The midpoint of A(1,2)A(-1,2) and B(11,6)B(11,6) is

M=(1+112,2+62)=(5,4).\begin{align*} M=&\,\left(\frac{-1+11}{2},\frac{2+6}{2}\right)\\ =&\,(5,4). \end{align*}

The gradient of ABAB is

6211(1)=412=13.\begin{align*} \frac{6-2}{11-(-1)} =&\,\frac4{12}\\ =&\,\frac13. \end{align*}

Since MPMP is perpendicular to ABAB, the gradient of ll is 3-3.

Using point M(5,4)M(5,4),

y4=3(x5)y4=3x+15y=3x+19.\begin{align*} y-4=&\,-3(x-5)\\ y-4=&\,-3x+15\\ y=&\,-3x+19. \end{align*}

Therefore, the equation of ll is

y=3x+19.\begin{align*} y=-3x+19. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

因为 P(7,k)P(7,k) 在直线 ll 上,把 x=7x=7 代入第 (a) 题的直线方程。

答题过程

展开

Since P(7,k)P(7,k) lies on ll,

k=3(7)+19=21+19=2.\begin{align*} k=&\,-3(7)+19\\ =&\,-21+19\\ =&\,-2. \end{align*}

So k=2k=-2.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

圆心是 P(7,2)P(7,-2)。半径可以用 PPBB 的距离求,所以圆方程是 (x7)2+(y+2)2=r2(x-7)^2+(y+2)^2=r^2

答题过程

展开

The centre is

P(7,2).\begin{align*} P(7,-2). \end{align*}

Using point B(11,6)B(11,6),

r2=(117)2+(6(2))2=42+82=16+64=80.\begin{align*} r^2=&\,(11-7)^2+(6-(-2))^2\\[4mm] =&\,4^2+8^2\\[4mm] =&\,16+64\\[4mm] =&\,80. \end{align*}

Therefore, the equation of the circle is

(x7)2+(y+2)2=80.\begin{align*} (x-7)^2+(y+2)^2=80. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

圆的一般式方程。已知圆心坐标为 (7,2)(7,-2),可以将圆的方程设为 x2+y214x+4y=λx^2 + y^2 - 14x + 4y = \lambda。由于已知点 B(11,6)B(11,6) 在圆上,代入此点可以直接解出常数 λ\lambda,得到圆的方程。

答题过程

展开

Since the circle has centre P(7,2)P(7,-2), we can write its equation in general form:

x2+y214x+4y=λ\begin{align*} x^2 + y^2 - 14x + 4y = \lambda \end{align*}

Since the point B(11,6)B(11,6) lies on the circle, substitute x=11x = 11 and y=6y = 6:

112+6214(11)+4(6)=λ121+36154+24=λλ=27\begin{align*} 11^2 + 6^2 - 14(11) + 4(6) =&\,\, \lambda\\[4mm] 121 + 36 - 154 + 24 =&\,\, \lambda\\[4mm] \lambda =&\,\, 27 \end{align*}

Therefore, the equation of the circle is:

x2+y214x+4y=27\begin{align*} x^2 + y^2 - 14x + 4y = 27 \end{align*}

(Note: This is equivalent to the standard form (x7)2+(y+2)2=80(x-7)^2+(y+2)^2=80.)