题目
Problem
Figure 2
The point A(−1,2) and the point B(11,6) both lie on a circle with centre P.
The point M is the midpoint of AB.
Given that the line l passes through M and P, as shown in Figure 2,
(a) find an equation for l, giving your answer in the form y=mx+c, where m and c are constants.
(4)
Given that P has coordinates (7,k), where k is a constant,
(b) find the value of k,
(1)
(c) find an equation for the circle.
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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圆心到弦的中点连线垂直于弦,所以 MP 垂直于 AB。先求 M 和 AB 的斜率,再求垂线方程。
答题过程
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The midpoint of A(−1,2) and B(11,6) is
M==(2−1+11,22+6)(5,4).
The gradient of AB is
11−(−1)6−2==12431.
Since MP is perpendicular to AB, the gradient of l is −3.
Using point M(5,4),
y−4=y−4=y=−3(x−5)−3x+15−3x+19.
Therefore, the equation of l is
y=−3x+19.
(b)
解法一
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因为 P(7,k) 在直线 l 上,把 x=7 代入第 (a) 题的直线方程。
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Since P(7,k) lies on l,
k===−3(7)+19−21+19−2.
So k=−2.
(c)
解法一
思路
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圆心是 P(7,−2)。半径可以用 P 到 B 的距离求,所以圆方程是 (x−7)2+(y+2)2=r2。
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The centre is
P(7,−2).
Using point B(11,6),
r2====(11−7)2+(6−(−2))242+8216+6480.
Therefore, the equation of the circle is
(x−7)2+(y+2)2=80.
解法二
思路
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圆的一般式方程。已知圆心坐标为 (7,−2),可以将圆的方程设为 x2+y2−14x+4y=λ。由于已知点 B(11,6) 在圆上,代入此点可以直接解出常数 λ,得到圆的方程。
答题过程
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Since the circle has centre P(7,−2), we can write its equation in general form:
x2+y2−14x+4y=λ
Since the point B(11,6) lies on the circle, substitute x=11 and y=6:
112+62−14(11)+4(6)=121+36−154+24=λ=λλ27
Therefore, the equation of the circle is:
x2+y2−14x+4y=27
(Note: This is equivalent to the standard form (x−7)2+(y+2)2=80.)