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IAL 2025 May A Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P2

IAL 2025 May A Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation

y=log3(x+1)log3xy=\log_3(x+1)-\log_3x

The point P(a,4)P(a,4) lies on the curve.

(a) Find the exact value of the constant aa.

(Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(4)

(b) Use the trapezium rule with 44 strips of equal width to estimate the value of

15(log3(x+1)log3x)dx\int_1^5(\log_3(x+1)-\log_3x)\,dx

giving the answer in the form log3k\log_3 k, where kk is a constant to be found.

(4)

(c) Explain how the trapezium rule could be used to obtain a more accurate estimate for

15(log3(x+1)log3x)dx\int_1^5(\log_3(x+1)-\log_3x)\,dx
(1)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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P(a,4)P(a,4) 在曲线上,所以把 x=ax=ay=4y=4 代入。再用对数减法公式合并。

答题过程

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Since P(a,4)P(a,4) lies on the curve,

log3(a+1)log3a=4.\begin{align*} \log_3(a+1)-\log_3a=4. \end{align*}

Using the subtraction law of logarithms,

log3(a+1a)=4a+1a=34a+1a=81.\begin{align*} \log_3\left(\frac{a+1}{a}\right)=&\,4\\ \frac{a+1}{a}=&\,3^4\\ \frac{a+1}{a}=&\,81. \end{align*}

So

a+1=81a1=80aa=180.\begin{align*} a+1=&\,81a\\ 1=&\,80a\\ a=&\,\frac1{80}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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115544 条等宽梯形,所以宽度是 11,节点是 1,2,3,4,51,2,3,4,5。每个函数值都可以化成 log3x+1x\log_3\frac{x+1}{x},最后用对数律合并。

答题过程

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The strip width is

h=514=1.\begin{align*} h=\frac{5-1}{4}=1. \end{align*}

The function is

y=log3(x+1x).\begin{align*} y=\log_3\left(\frac{x+1}{x}\right). \end{align*}

So the trapezium rule gives

Area12[log321+log365+2(log332+log343+log354)].\begin{align*} \text{Area} &\approx \frac12\left[ \log_3\frac21+\log_3\frac65\right.\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\left. +2\left(\log_3\frac32 +\log_3\frac43 +\log_3\frac54\right)\right]. \end{align*}

Combine the logarithms:

Area=12log3(2165(32)2(43)2(54)2)=12log3(225)=log3(15).\begin{align*} \text{Area} =&\,\frac12\log_3\left( \frac21\cdot\frac65\cdot \left(\frac32\right)^2 \left(\frac43\right)^2 \left(\frac54\right)^2 \right)\\ =&\,\frac12\log_3(225)\\ =&\,\log_3(15). \end{align*}

Therefore,

k=15.\begin{align*} k=15. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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梯形法要更准确,就把区间分得更细。

答题过程

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Use more strips of smaller width.