题目
Problem
The function f(x) is defined by
f(x)=ax3+bx2+5x−3
where a and b are constants.
Given that (x+3) is a factor of f(x),
(a) show that
b=3a+2
(2)
Given further that when f(x) is divided by (2x−1) the remainder is 47
(b) find the value of a and the value of b.
(4)
(c) Using algebra, find the quotient and the remainder when f(x) is divided by (x−2)
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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(x+3) 是因式,所以 f(−3)=0。代入后整理即可得到目标式。
答题过程
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Since (x+3) is a factor of f(x),
f(−3)=0.
Substitute x=−3:
a(−3)3+b(−3)2+5(−3)−3=−27a+9b−15−3=−27a+9b=9b=b=001827a+183a+2.
解法二
思路
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也可以用除法理解:如果 (x+3) 是因式,那么除以 (x+3) 的 remainder 必须是 0。这样会得到同一个关系式。
答题过程
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Divide f(x) by (x+3) algebraically:
f(x)=(x+3)(ax2+(b−3a)x+5−3(b−3a))+[−3−{15−9(b−3a)}].
Since (x+3) is a factor, the remainder is 0:
−3−{15−9(b−3a)}=−18+9b−27a=9b=b=0027a+183a+2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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除以 (2x−1) 的 remainder 是 f(21)。用它建立第二个方程,再和第 (a) 题的关系式联立。
答题过程
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Since the remainder when f(x) is divided by (2x−1) is 47,
f(21)=47.
So
a(21)3+b(21)2+5(21)−3=8a+4b−21=8a+4b=474749.
Multiply by 8:
a+2b=18.
From part (a),
b=3a+2.
Substitute this into a+2b=18:
a+2(3a+2)=7a+4=7a=a=1818142.
Then
b=3(2)+2=8.
Therefore,
a=2,b=8.
(c)
解法一
思路
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先代入 a=2,b=8,得到 f(x)=2x3+8x2+5x−3。然后用代数恒等式表示除以 (x−2) 的结果。
答题过程
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Using a=2 and b=8,
f(x)=2x3+8x2+5x−3.
Let
2x3+8x2+5x−3=(x−2)(Ax2+Bx+C)+R.
Expand the right-hand side:
(x−2)(Ax2+Bx+C)+R==Ax3+Bx2+Cx−2Ax2−2Bx−2C+RAx3+(B−2A)x2+(C−2B)x+(−2C+R).
Compare coefficients:
A=B−2A=C−2B=−2C+R=2,85−3⇒B=12,⇒C=29,⇒R=55.
Therefore, the quotient is
2x2+12x+29,
and the remainder is
55.