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IAL 2023 May Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2023 May Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The function ff is defined by

f(x)=2x25x0, xRf(x)=2x^2-5\qquad x\ge 0,\ x\in\mathbb{R}

(a) State the range of ff

(1)

On the following page there is a diagram, labelled Diagram 1, which shows a sketch of the curve with equation y=f(x)y=f(x).

(b) On Diagram 1, sketch the curve with equation y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x).

(2)

The curve with equation y=f(x)y=f(x) meets the curve with equation y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) at the point PP.

Using algebra and showing your working,

(c) find the exact xx coordinate of PP

(3)

题目中文翻译

函数 ff 定义为

f(x)=2x25x0, xRf(x)=2x^2-5\qquad x\ge 0,\ x\in\mathbb{R}

(a) 写出 ff 的值域。

下一页上有一个标记为 Diagram 1 的图,给出了曲线 y=f(x)y=f(x) 的示意图。

(b) 在 Diagram 1 上画出曲线 y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) 的示意图。

曲线 y=f(x)y=f(x) 与曲线 y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) 相交于点 PP

(c) 用代数方法并写出过程,求点 PPxx 坐标的精确值。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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由于定义域是 x0x\ge 0,所以 x2x^2 的最小值是 0。函数 f(x)=2x25f(x)=2x^2-5 的最小值出现在 x=0x=0

答题过程

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Since

x0,x\ge0,

we have

x20.x^2\ge0.

Therefore

2x255.2x^2-5\ge -5.

So the range of ff is

f(x)5.\boxed{f(x)\ge -5}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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反函数图像是原图像关于直线 y=xy=x 的对称图像。原图像从 (0,5)(0,-5) 开始,所以反函数图像从 (5,0)(-5,0) 开始;它应该在第一、第二象限,并且随着 xx 增大而上升,但斜率逐渐减小。

答题过程

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The curve y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) is the reflection of y=f(x)y=f(x) in the line

y=x.y=x.

So the sketch should start at

(5,0),(-5,0),

because the point (0,5)(0,-5) on y=f(x)y=f(x) is reflected to (5,0)(-5,0).

The curve should then pass through the positive yy-axis, lie in quadrants 1 and 2 only, and have decreasing gradient.

(c)

解法一

思路

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函数 ff 是递增的一一函数,所以 y=f(x)y=f(x)y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) 的交点在直线 y=xy=x 上。于是令 f(x)=xf(x)=x,解二次方程,并用 x0x\ge0 排除负根。

答题过程

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At the intersection of y=f(x)y=f(x) and y=f1(x)y=f^{-1}(x), the point lies on the line

y=x.y=x.

So we solve

f(x)=x.f(x)=x.

Since

f(x)=2x25,f(x)=2x^2-5,

we have

2x25=x.2x^2-5=x.

Rearrange:

2x2x5=0.2x^2-x-5=0.

Using the quadratic formula,

x=1±(1)24(2)(5)22=1±414.\begin{align*} x=&\,\frac{1\pm\sqrt{(-1)^2-4(2)(-5)}}{2\cdot2} \\[2mm] =&\,\frac{1\pm\sqrt{41}}4. \end{align*}

The xx-coordinate of a point on y=f(x)y=f(x) must satisfy x0x\ge0, so we reject the negative root.

Therefore the exact xx coordinate of PP is

1+414.\boxed{\frac{1+\sqrt{41}}4}.