题目
Problem
A curve has equation y=f(x) where
f(x)=x4−5x2+4x−7x∈R
(a) Show that the equation f(x)=0 has a root, α, in the interval [2,3]
(2)
(b) Show that the equation f(x)=0 can be written as
x=3x5x2−4x+7
(1)
The iterative formula
xn+1=3xn5xn2−4xn+7
is used to find α
(c) Starting with x1=2 and using the iterative formula,
(i) find, to 4 decimal places, the value of x2
(ii) find, to 4 decimal places, the value of α
(3)
题目中文翻译
一条曲线的方程为 y=f(x),其中
f(x)=x4−5x2+4x−7x∈R
(a) 证明方程 f(x)=0 在区间 [2,3] 内有一个根 α。
(b) 证明方程 f(x)=0 可写成
x=3x5x2−4x+7
的形式。
用下列迭代公式求 α:
xn+1=3xn5xn2−4xn+7
(c) 取 x1=2 并使用该迭代公式,
(i) 求 x2 的值,精确到小数点后 4 位;
(ii) 求 α 的值,精确到小数点后 4 位。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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分别计算区间两个端点处的函数值。多项式函数连续;若端点函数值异号,便可由介值定理得出区间内至少有一个根。
答题过程
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Since f is a polynomial, it is continuous on [2,3].
At the endpoints,
f(2)==24−5(2)2+4(2)−7−3<0,
and
f(3)==34−5(3)2+4(3)−741>0.
There is a change of sign between x=2 and x=3. Therefore, by the Intermediate Value Theorem, the equation f(x)=0 has a root α in [2,3].
(b)
解法一
思路
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从 f(x)=0 出发,把 x4 单独留在一边,再除以 x 并取立方根。由于所求根位于 [2,3],所以 x=0,除以 x 是合法的。
答题过程
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Starting from f(x)=0,
x4−5x2+4x−7=0.
Therefore,
x4=5x2−4x+7.
For the root in [2,3], x=0, so division by x gives
x3=x5x2−4x+7.
Taking the cube root of both sides,
x=3x5x2−4x+7.
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
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将初值 x1=2 直接代入给定的迭代公式,计算下一项 x2。
答题过程
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Using x1=2,
x2==325(2)2−4(2)+72.117911….
Therefore, to 4 decimal places,
x2=2.1179.
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
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继续反复应用同一个迭代公式,直到相邻迭代值在小数点后四位保持不变。
答题过程
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Continuing the iteration gives
n123456789xn2.0000002.1179122.1468462.1540632.1558692.1563212.1564352.1564632.156470
The values converge to
α=2.156472….
Therefore, to 4 decimal places,
α=2.1565.