题目
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve with equation
y=4x−7
The line l, shown in Figure 3, is the normal to the curve at the point P(8,5)
(a) Use calculus to show that an equation of l is
5x+2y−50=0
(5)
The region R, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and l.
(b) Use algebraic integration to find the exact area of R.
(4)
题目中文翻译
本题中你必须写出解题过程的所有步骤。
不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。
图 3 给出了曲线一部分的草图,曲线方程为
y=4x−7
图 3 所示直线 l 是曲线在点 P(8,5) 处的法线。
(a) 用微积分证明 l 的方程为
5x+2y−50=0
阴影部分区域 R 由该曲线、x 轴和 l 围成。
(b) 用代数积分求 R 的精确面积。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先对曲线求导并代入 x=8,得到点 P 处切线斜率。法线斜率是切线斜率的负倒数,再用点斜式写出经过 P(8,5) 的法线并整理为题目指定形式。
答题过程
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Write
y=(4x−7)21.
Differentiating,
dxdy==21(4x−7)−21×44x−72.
At P(8,5), the gradient of the tangent is
4(8)−72=52.
Therefore, the gradient of the normal is
−25.
Using the point-gradient form,
y−5=−25(x−8).
Hence,
2y−10=5x+2y−50=−5x+40,0.
Thus, an equation of l is
5x+2y−50=0.
(b)
解法一
思路
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曲线与 x 轴交于 x=47,法线与 x 轴交于 x=10。区域 R 可分成两部分:从 x=47 到 x=8 的曲线下方面积,以及从 x=8 到 x=10 的法线下方三角形面积。
答题过程
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The curve meets the x-axis when
4x−7=0,
so x=47.
From the equation of l,
y=25−25x.
Thus l meets the x-axis at x=10. The area under the curve from x=47 to x=8 is
∫4784x−7dx===[6(4x−7)23]478625236125.
The remaining part is a triangle with base 10−8=2 and height 5, so its area is
21(2)(5)=5.
Therefore,
Area(R)==6125+56155.