题目
Problem
The number of bacteria on a surface is being monitored.
The number of bacteria, N, on the surface, t hours after monitoring began is modelled by the equation
log10N=0.35t+2
Use the equation of the model to answer parts (a) to (c).
(a) Find the initial number of bacteria on the surface.
(1)
(b) Show that the equation of the model can be written in the form
N=abt
where a and b are constants to be found. Give the value of b to 2 decimal places.
(3)
(c) Hence find the rate of growth of bacteria on the surface exactly 5 hours after monitoring began.
(2)
题目中文翻译
某个表面上的细菌数量正在被监测。
监测开始后 t 小时,表面上的细菌数量 N 满足模型方程
log10N=0.35t+2
使用该模型方程回答 (a) 到 (c)。
(a) 求该表面上细菌的初始数量。
(b) 证明该模型方程可写成
N=abt
的形式,其中 a 和 b 是需要求出的常数。给出 b 的值,精确到小数点后 2 位。
(c) 由此求监测开始后恰好 5 小时时该表面上细菌的增长速率。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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初始时刻是 t=0。把它代入给出的常用对数模型,再把 log10N=2 改写成指数形式。
答题过程
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At t=0,
log10N=2.
Therefore,
N=102=100.
Hence, the initial number of bacteria is
100.
(b)
解法一
思路
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把对数方程还原为指数方程,再使用指数律将 100.35t 写成 (100.35)t。这样即可直接识别 a 与 b。
答题过程
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From
log10N=0.35t+2,
we obtain
N===100.35t+2102×100.35t100(100.35)t.
Now
100.35=2.23872…=2.24
to 2 decimal places. Therefore,
N=100(2.24)t,
where a=100 and b=2.24.
(c)
解法一
思路
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本小题承接 (b),对 N=100(2.24)t 关于 t 求导。使用 dtdbt=(lnb)bt,再代入 t=5。
答题过程
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Using the model from part (b),
N=100(2.24)t.
Differentiating with respect to t,
dtdN=100ln(2.24)(2.24)t.
At t=5,
dtdN==100ln(2.24)(2.24)54548.11….
Therefore, the rate of growth is approximately
4.55×103 bacteria per hour.