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IAL 2025 May A Q7

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2025 May A Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Write sin4θ\sin 4\theta in the form

sinθcosθ(P+Qsinnθ)\sin\theta\cos\theta(P+Q\sin^n\theta)

where PP, QQ and nn are constants to be found.

(3)

(b) Use the result from part (a) to show that, for xkπ2x\ne \dfrac{k\pi}{2} where kZk\in\mathbb{Z}, the equation

secxsin4x=5sin3xcotx\sec x\sin 4x=5\sin^3 x\cot x

can be written in the form

4sec2x5tanx8tan2x=04\sec^2 x-5\tan x-8\tan^2 x=0
(3)

(c) Use the result from part (b) to solve, for 0<x<π0<x<\pi, xπ2x\ne \dfrac{\pi}{2}, the equation

secxsin4x=5sin3xcotx\sec x\sin 4x=5\sin^3 x\cot x

giving the answers in radians to 3 significant figures.

(4)
题目中文翻译

在本题中,你必须写出所有推导步骤。 不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 将 sin4θ\sin 4\theta 写成以下形式:

sinθcosθ(P+Qsinnθ)\sin\theta\cos\theta(P+Q\sin^n\theta)

其中 PPQQnn 是需要求出的常数。

(b) 使用 (a) 的结果证明:当 xkπ2x\ne \dfrac{k\pi}{2}kZk\in\mathbb{Z} 时,方程

secxsin4x=5sin3xcotx\sec x\sin 4x=5\sin^3 x\cot x

可写成

4sec2x5tanx8tan2x=04\sec^2 x-5\tan x-8\tan^2 x=0

(c) 使用 (b) 的结果,在 0<x<π0<x<\pixπ2x\ne \dfrac{\pi}{2} 的范围内解方程

secxsin4x=5sin3xcotx\sec x\sin 4x=5\sin^3 x\cot x

答案用弧度表示,保留 3 位有效数字。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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连续使用两次倍角公式:先把 sin4θ\sin4\theta 写成 2sin2θcos2θ2\sin2\theta\cos2\theta,再用 sin2θ=2sinθcosθ\sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\thetacos2θ=12sin2θ\cos2\theta=1-2\sin^2\theta。最后提取题目指定的 sinθcosθ\sin\theta\cos\theta

答题过程

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Using the double-angle identities,

sin4θ=2sin2θcos2θ=2(2sinθcosθ)(12sin2θ)=sinθcosθ(48sin2θ).\begin{align*} \sin4\theta =&\,2\sin2\theta\cos2\theta\\ =&\,2(2\sin\theta\cos\theta) \big(1-2\sin^2\theta\big)\\ =&\,\sin\theta\cos\theta \big(4-8\sin^2\theta\big). \end{align*}

Therefore,

P=4,Q=8,n=2.\boxed{P=4,\qquad Q=-8,\qquad n=2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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把 (a) 的结果代入原方程,并把 secx\sec xcotx\cot x 分别改写成正弦余弦。题目排除了 x=kπ2x=\dfrac{k\pi}{2},所以 sinx\sin xcosx\cos x 都不为零,可以安全约去并除以 cos2x\cos^2x

答题过程

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Using the result from part (a),

1cosxsinxcosx(48sin2x)=5sin3xcosxsinx.\frac{1}{\cos x} \sin x\cos x\big(4-8\sin^2x\big) =5\sin^3x\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}.

Therefore,

sinx(48sin2x)=5sin2xcosx.\sin x\big(4-8\sin^2x\big) =5\sin^2x\cos x.

Since xkπ2x\ne\dfrac{k\pi}{2}, both sinx\sin x and cosx\cos x are non-zero. Dividing first by sinx\sin x gives

48sin2x=5sinxcosx.4-8\sin^2x=5\sin x\cos x.

Now divide by cos2x\cos^2x:

4sec2x8tan2x=5tanx.4\sec^2x-8\tan^2x=5\tan x.

Hence

4sec2x5tanx8tan2x=0.\boxed{4\sec^2x-5\tan x-8\tan^2x=0}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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承接 (b),利用 sec2x=1+tan2x\sec^2x=1+\tan^2x 把方程化成关于 tanx\tan x 的二次方程。两个实根一正一负,分别在给定范围的第一、第二象限产生一个解。

答题过程

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Using sec2x=1+tan2x\sec^2x=1+\tan^2x in the result from part (b),

4(1+tan2x)5tanx8tan2x=0.4(1+\tan^2x)-5\tan x-8\tan^2x=0.

Thus

4tan2x+5tanx4=0.4\tan^2x+5\tan x-4=0.

Solving the quadratic,

tanx=5±898.\tan x=\frac{-5\pm\sqrt{89}}{8}.

For 0<x<π0<x<\pi,

x=arctan(5+898)=0.506098,\begin{align*} x=&\,\arctan\bigg( \frac{-5+\sqrt{89}}{8}\bigg)\\ =&\,0.506098\ldots, \end{align*}

or

x=π+arctan(5898)=2.077.\begin{align*} x=&\,\pi+\arctan\bigg( \frac{-5-\sqrt{89}}{8}\bigg)\\ =&\,2.077\ldots. \end{align*}

Therefore, to three significant figures,

x=0.506, 2.08.\boxed{x=0.506,\ 2.08}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料还给出双角路线。把 (b) 的方程乘以 cos2x\cos^2x,再使用 12sin2x=cos2x1-2\sin^2x=\cos2x2sinxcosx=sin2x2\sin x\cos x=\sin2x,即可直接得到关于 tan2x\tan2x 的方程。

答题过程

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Multiplying the equation from part (b) by cos2x\cos^2x gives

45sinxcosx8sin2x=0.4-5\sin x\cos x-8\sin^2x=0.

Using the double-angle identities,

4(12sin2x)52(2sinxcosx)=04cos2x52sin2x=0.\begin{align*} 4\big(1-2\sin^2x\big) -\frac52(2\sin x\cos x)=&\,0\\ 4\cos2x-\frac52\sin2x=&\,0. \end{align*}

Therefore,

tan2x=85.\tan2x=\frac85.

Since 0<2x<2π0<2x<2\pi,

2x=arctan(85)or2x=π+arctan(85).2x=\arctan\bigg(\frac85\bigg) \quad\text{or}\quad 2x=\pi+\arctan\bigg(\frac85\bigg).

Hence, to three significant figures,

x=0.506, 2.08.\boxed{x=0.506,\ 2.08}.