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IAL 2025 Oct A Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2025 Oct A Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A curve has equation

y=ln(1cos2x)xR,0<x<πy = \ln(1 - \cos 2x) \qquad x \in \mathbb{R}, \qquad 0 < x < \pi

Show that

(a)

dydx=kcotx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=k\cot x

where kk is a constant to be found.

(4)

Hence find the exact coordinates of the point on the curve where

(b)

dydx=23\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=2\sqrt3
(4)
题目中文翻译

曲线方程为

y=ln(1cos2x)xR,0<x<πy = \ln(1 - \cos 2x) \qquad x \in \mathbb{R}, \qquad 0 < x < \pi

证明

(a)

dydx=kcotx\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=k\cot x

其中 kk 为待定常数。

由此求曲线上满足

(b)

dydx=23\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=2\sqrt3

的点的精确坐标。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先对对数函数使用链式法则,再用倍角公式 sin2x=2sinxcosx\sin2x=2\sin x\cos x1cos2x=2sin2x1-\cos2x=2\sin^2x 化简。最终可直接与 kcotxk\cot x 比较。

答题过程

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Using the chain rule,

dydx=2sin2x1cos2x.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{2\sin2x}{1-\cos2x}.

Using

sin2x=2sinxcosxand1cos2x=2sin2x,\sin2x=2\sin x\cos x \quad\text{and}\quad 1-\cos2x=2\sin^2x,

we obtain

dydx=4sinxcosx2sin2x=2cosxsinx=2cotx.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{4\sin x\cos x}{2\sin^2x}\\ =&\,\frac{2\cos x}{\sin x}\\ =&\,2\cot x. \end{align*}

Hence

k=2.\boxed{k=2}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也接受先用 1cos2x=2sin2x1-\cos2x=2\sin^2x 改写对数的真数,再利用对数定律拆开。这样求导后几乎可以直接读出 2cotx2\cot x

答题过程

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Since 0<x<π0<x<\pi, sinx>0\sin x>0. Therefore,

y=ln(2sin2x)=ln2+2ln(sinx).\begin{align*} y =&\,\ln(2\sin^2x)\\ =&\,\ln2+2\ln(\sin x). \end{align*}

Differentiating,

dydx=0+2cosxsinx=2cotx.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,0+2\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}\\ =&\,2\cot x. \end{align*}

Thus

k=2.\boxed{k=2}.

解法三

思路

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另一条官方路线是先把对数方程指数化,再进行隐函数求导。随后用原方程代回 eye^y,便会回到与解法一相同的倍角化简。

答题过程

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Exponentiating both sides gives

ey=1cos2x.e^y=1-\cos2x.

Differentiating implicitly with respect to xx,

eydydx=2sin2x.e^y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=2\sin2x.

Hence

dydx=2sin2xey=2sin2x1cos2x=4sinxcosx2sin2x=2cotx.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{2\sin2x}{e^y}\\ =&\,\frac{2\sin2x}{1-\cos2x}\\ =&\,\frac{4\sin x\cos x}{2\sin^2x}\\ =&\,2\cot x. \end{align*}

Therefore,

k=2.\boxed{k=2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a) 的结果,把给定导数值代入 2cotx2\cot x。结合 0<x<π0<x<\pi 判断唯一有效角,再代回原曲线方程求精确纵坐标。

答题过程

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From part (a),

2cotx=23.2\cot x=2\sqrt3.

Thus

cotx=3tanx=13.\cot x=\sqrt3 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \tan x=\frac{1}{\sqrt3}.

Since 0<x<π0<x<\pi, the only valid solution is

x=π6.x=\frac{\pi}{6}.

Substituting into the equation of the curve,

y=ln(1cosπ3)=ln(12)=ln2.\begin{align*} y =&\,\ln\bigg(1-\cos\frac{\pi}{3}\bigg)\\ =&\,\ln\bigg(\frac12\bigg)\\ =&\,-\ln2. \end{align*}

Therefore, the exact coordinates are

(π6,ln2).\boxed{\bigg(\frac{\pi}{6},-\ln2\bigg)}.