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IAL 2025 Oct A Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2025 Oct A Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(a) Prove that

2cosec2AcotAtanAAnπ2,nZ2\cosec 2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A \qquad A\ne\frac{n\pi}{2},\quad n\in\mathbb{Z}
(4)

(b) Hence solve, for 0θπ20 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2}

(i)

2cosec4θcot2θ=32\cosec 4\theta - \cot 2\theta = 3

(ii)

tanθ+cotθ=5\tan\theta + \cot\theta = 5

Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(5)
题目中文翻译

在本题中,你必须写出所有推导步骤。 不接受完全依赖计算器技术的解法。

(a) 证明

2cosec2AcotAtanAAnπ2,nZ2\cosec 2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A \qquad A\ne\frac{n\pi}{2},\quad n\in\mathbb{Z}

(b) 由此解出,0θπ20 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2} 时:

(i)

2cosec4θcot2θ=32\cosec 4\theta - \cot 2\theta = 3

(ii)

tanθ+cotθ=5\tan\theta + \cot\theta = 5

答案保留 3 位有效数字。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把余割、余切全部写成正弦和余弦,再用 sin2A=2sinAcosA\sin2A=2\sin A\cos A。通分后,分子中的 1cos2A1-\cos^2A 可换成 sin2A\sin^2A,从而化为 tanA\tan A

答题过程

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Starting with the left-hand side,

2cosec2AcotA=2sin2AcosAsinA=1sinAcosAcosAsinA=1cos2AsinAcosA=sin2AsinAcosA=sinAcosA=tanA.\begin{align*} 2\cosec2A-\cot A =&\,\frac{2}{\sin2A}-\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}\\ =&\,\frac{1}{\sin A\cos A} -\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}\\ =&\,\frac{1-\cos^2A}{\sin A\cos A}\\ =&\,\frac{\sin^2A}{\sin A\cos A}\\ =&\,\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}\\ =&\,\tan A. \end{align*}

Therefore,

2cosec2AcotAtanA.\boxed{2\cosec2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也接受“中间相遇”的证明。把待证等式两边同时乘以 2sinAcosA2\sin A\cos A;题设排除了 A=nπ2A=\dfrac{n\pi}{2},所以这个乘数不为零。化简后两边都成为 2sin2A2\sin^2A

答题过程

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Since Anπ2A\ne\dfrac{n\pi}{2}, 2sinAcosA02\sin A\cos A\ne0. Multiplying both sides of the proposed identity by 2sinAcosA2\sin A\cos A, the left-hand side becomes

2sinAcosA(2cosec2AcotA)=22cos2A=2sin2A.\begin{align*} &\,2\sin A\cos A \big(2\cosec2A-\cot A\big)\\ =&\,2-2\cos^2A\\ =&\,2\sin^2A. \end{align*}

The right-hand side becomes

2sinAcosAtanA=2sinAcosA(sinAcosA)=2sin2A.\begin{align*} 2\sin A\cos A\tan A =&\,2\sin A\cos A \bigg(\frac{\sin A}{\cos A}\bigg)\\ =&\,2\sin^2A. \end{align*}

Both sides are equal, so

2cosec2AcotAtanA.\boxed{2\cosec2A-\cot A\equiv\tan A}.

(b)(i)

解法一

思路

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令 (a) 中的 A=2θA=2\theta,题目左边便直接化为 tan2θ\tan2\theta。再结合 0θπ20\leq\theta\leq\dfrac{\pi}{2},在对应的 02θπ0\leq2\theta\leq\pi 内选取唯一有效解。

答题过程

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Using part (a) with A=2θA=2\theta,

2cosec4θcot2θ=tan2θ.2\cosec4\theta-\cot2\theta =\tan2\theta.

Hence

tan2θ=3.\tan2\theta=\sqrt3.

Since 02θπ0\leq2\theta\leq\pi, the only solution in the required interval is

2θ=π3.2\theta=\frac{\pi}{3}.

Therefore,

θ=π6=0.523598\theta=\frac{\pi}{6}=0.523598\ldots

and, to 3 significant figures,

θ=0.524.\boxed{\theta=0.524}.

(b)(ii)

解法一

思路

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必须承接 (a):由恒等式可把 tanθ\tan\theta 换成 2cosec2θcotθ2\cosec2\theta-\cot\theta,它与原式中的 cotθ\cot\theta 抵消,得到关于 sin2θ\sin2\theta 的方程。因为 2θ[0,π]2\theta\in[0,\pi],正弦方程有两个有效角。

答题过程

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From part (a),

tanθ=2cosec2θcotθ.\tan\theta=2\cosec2\theta-\cot\theta.

Therefore,

tanθ+cotθ=52cosec2θ=5sin2θ=25.\begin{align*} \tan\theta+\cot\theta=&\,5\\ 2\cosec2\theta=&\,5\\ \sin2\theta=&\,\frac25. \end{align*}

Let

β=sin1(25).\beta=\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac25\bigg).

Since 02θπ0\leq2\theta\leq\pi,

2θ=βor2θ=πβ.2\theta=\beta \quad\text{or}\quad 2\theta=\pi-\beta.

Thus

θ=12sin1(25)=0.205758,θ=12[πsin1(25)]=1.36504\begin{align*} \theta =&\,\frac12\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac25\bigg) =0.205758\ldots,\\ \theta =&\,\frac12\bigg[ \pi-\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac25\bigg) \bigg] =1.36504\ldots \end{align*}

Hence, to 3 significant figures,

θ=0.206orθ=1.37.\boxed{\theta=0.206 \quad\text{or}\quad \theta=1.37}.