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IAL 2026 Jan A Q9

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

(a) Given that π2<g(x)<π2-\dfrac{\pi}{2}<g(x)<\dfrac{\pi}{2}, sketch the graph of y=g(x)y=g(x) where

g(x)=arctanxxRg(x)=\arctan x\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}
(2)

(b) Find the exact value of xx for which

3g(x+1)π=03g(x+1)-\pi=0
(2)

The equation

arctanx4+12x=0\arctan x-4+\frac{1}{2}x=0

has a positive root at x=αx=\alpha radians.

(c) Show that 5<α<65<\alpha<6.

(2)

The iteration formula

xn+1=82arctanxnx_{n+1}=8-2\arctan x_n

can be used to find an approximation for α\alpha.

(d) Taking x0=5x_0=5, use this formula to find x1x_1 and α\alpha, giving each answer to 4 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

(a) 已知 π2<g(x)<π2-\dfrac{\pi}{2}<g(x)<\dfrac{\pi}{2},画出函数

g(x)=arctanxxRg(x)=\arctan x\qquad x\in\mathbb{R}

的图像草图。

(b) 求满足

3g(x+1)π=03g(x+1)-\pi=0

xx 的精确值。

方程

arctanx4+12x=0\arctan x-4+\frac{1}{2}x=0

有一个正根 x=αx=\alpha(弧度)。

(c) 证明 5<α<65<\alpha<6

迭代公式

xn+1=82arctanxnx_{n+1}=8-2\arctan x_n

可用于求 α\alpha 的近似值。

(d) 取 x0=5x_0=5,用该公式求 x1x_1α\alpha,答案均保留到小数点后 4 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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y=arctanxy=\arctan x 是一个递增曲线,经过原点 (0,0)(0,0),并且当 xx\to\infty 时趋近于 π2\frac{\pi}{2},当 xx\to-\infty 时趋近于 π2-\frac{\pi}{2}

答题过程

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The graph of

y=arctanxy=\arctan x

is an increasing curve passing through

(0,0)(0,0)

It lies in quadrants I and III, flattening out towards the horizontal asymptotes

y=π2andy=π2y=\frac{\pi}{2} \qquad\text{and}\qquad y=-\frac{\pi}{2}

The sketch should show this shape.

(b)

解法一

思路

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g(x)=arctanxg(x)=\arctan x,可得

g(x+1)=arctan(x+1)g(x+1)=\arctan(x+1)

然后解

3arctan(x+1)π=03\arctan(x+1)-\pi=0

答题过程

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Since

g(x)=arctanxg(x)=\arctan x

we have

g(x+1)=arctan(x+1)g(x+1)=\arctan(x+1)

Therefore

3g(x+1)π=03arctan(x+1)π=0arctan(x+1)=π3\begin{align*} 3g(x+1)-\pi=&\,0 \\[2mm] 3\arctan(x+1)-\pi=&\,0 \\[2mm] \arctan(x+1)=&\,\frac{\pi}{3} \end{align*}

Taking tangent on both sides,

x+1=tan(π3)=3x+1=\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=\sqrt3

Hence

x=31\boxed{x=\sqrt3-1}

(c)

解法一

思路

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要证明根在 5566 之间,令

F(x)=arctanx4+12xF(x)=\arctan x-4+\frac12x

检查 F(5)F(5)F(6)F(6) 是否异号。由于 FF 连续,若异号,就说明中间有根。

答题过程

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Let

F(x)=arctanx4+12xF(x)=\arctan x-4+\frac12x

Then

F(5)=arctan54+12(5)=0.1265\begin{align*} F(5) =&\,\arctan5-4+\frac12(5) \\[2mm] =&\,-0.1265\ldots \end{align*}

and

F(6)=arctan64+12(6)=0.4056\begin{align*} F(6) =&\,\arctan6-4+\frac12(6) \\[2mm] =&\,0.4056\ldots \end{align*}

So

F(5)<0andF(6)>0F(5)<0 \qquad\text{and}\qquad F(6)>0

Since F(x)F(x) is continuous, there is a change of sign over the interval (5,6)(5,6).

Therefore the positive root α\alpha lies in this interval, so

5<α<6\boxed{5<\alpha<6}

(d)

解法一

思路

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直接使用题目给出的迭代公式

xn+1=82arctanxnx_{n+1}=8-2\arctan x_n

x0=5x_0=5 开始。计算时必须用弧度。

答题过程

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Using

xn+1=82arctanxnx_{n+1}=8-2\arctan x_n

with x0=5x_0=5,

x1=82arctan5=5.253198\begin{align*} x_1 =&\,8-2\arctan5 \\[2mm] =&\,5.253198\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore

x1=5.2532\boxed{x_1=5.2532}

to 4 decimal places.

Continuing the iteration gives

nxn05.000015.253225.234635.235945.235855.2358\begin{array}{c|c} n & x_n\\ \hline 0 & 5.0000\\ 1 & 5.2532\\ 2 & 5.2346\\ 3 & 5.2359\\ 4 & 5.2358\\ 5 & 5.2358 \end{array}

So

α=5.2358\boxed{\alpha=5.2358}

to 4 decimal places.