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IAL 2026 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / P3

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

g(x)=3x5+5sin(x2)g(x)=3x-5+5\sin(x^2)

where xx is measured in radians.

(a) Show that g(x)=0g(x)=0 has a root α\alpha in the interval [0.7,0.8][0.7,0.8].

(2)

(b) Show that the equation g(x)=0g(x)=0 can be written in the form

x=arcsin(1px)x=\sqrt{\arcsin(1-px)}

where pp is a constant to be found.

(1)

Using the iteration formula

xn+1=arcsin(1pxn)x_{n+1}=\sqrt{\arcsin(1-px_n)}

with the value of pp found in part (b) and starting with x1=0.7x_1=0.7

(c) (i) find, to 4 decimal places, the value of x2x_2

(ii) find, by repeated iteration, the value of α\alpha, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译 g(x)=3x5+5sin(x2)g(x)=3x-5+5\sin(x^2)

其中 xx 用弧度表示。

(a) 证明方程 g(x)=0g(x)=0 在区间 [0.7,0.8][0.7,0.8] 内有一根 α\alpha

(b) 证明方程 g(x)=0g(x)=0 可写成

x=arcsin(1px)x=\sqrt{\arcsin(1-px)}

的形式,其中 pp 为待求常数。

利用迭代公式

xn+1=arcsin(1pxn)x_{n+1}=\sqrt{\arcsin(1-px_n)}

并取(b)中求得的 pp 值、初值 x1=0.7x_1=0.7

(c) (i) 求 x2x_2 的值,精确到小数点后 4 位;

(ii) 通过重复迭代求 α\alpha 的值,答案精确到小数点后 4 位。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

要证明区间内有根,可以用变号法。函数 gg 是连续函数;如果 g(0.7)g(0.7)g(0.8)g(0.8) 异号,那么在这两个点之间至少有一个根。

答题过程

展开

Using

g(x)=3x5+5sin(x2)g(x)=3x-5+5\sin(x^2)

we have

g(0.7)=3(0.7)5+5sin(0.72)=0.5468\begin{align*} g(0.7) =&\,3(0.7)-5+5\sin(0.7^2) \\[2mm] =&\,-0.5468\ldots \end{align*}

and

g(0.8)=3(0.8)5+5sin(0.82)=0.3859\begin{align*} g(0.8) =&\,3(0.8)-5+5\sin(0.8^2) \\[2mm] =&\,0.3859\ldots \end{align*}

So

g(0.7)<0andg(0.8)>0g(0.7)<0 \qquad\text{and}\qquad g(0.8)>0

Since g(x)g(x) is continuous, there is a change of sign between 0.70.7 and 0.80.8.

Therefore g(x)=0g(x)=0 has a root α\alpha in the interval [0.7,0.8][0.7,0.8].

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

g(x)=0g(x)=0 出发,把 sin(x2)\sin(x^2) 单独移到一边,再对两边取 arcsin\arcsin,最后开平方。

答题过程

展开

From

g(x)=0g(x)=0

we have

3x5+5sin(x2)=03x-5+5\sin(x^2)=0

Hence

5sin(x2)=53xsin(x2)=135x\begin{align*} 5\sin(x^2)=&\,5-3x \\[2mm] \sin(x^2)=&\,1-\frac35x \end{align*}

Taking arcsin\arcsin on both sides,

x2=arcsin(135x)x^2=\arcsin\left(1-\frac35x\right)

Since the required root is positive,

x=arcsin(135x)x=\sqrt{\arcsin\left(1-\frac35x\right)}

Therefore

p=35\boxed{p=\frac35}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

用 (b) 得到的 p=35=0.6p=\frac35=0.6,代入迭代公式

xn+1=arcsin(10.6xn)x_{n+1}=\sqrt{\arcsin(1-0.6x_n)}

并从 x1=0.7x_1=0.7 开始计算。

答题过程

展开

Using

p=35=0.6p=\frac35=0.6

the iteration formula is

xn+1=arcsin(10.6xn)x_{n+1}=\sqrt{\arcsin(1-0.6x_n)}

(i)

When x1=0.7x_1=0.7,

x2=arcsin(10.6(0.7))=0.786593\begin{align*} x_2 =&\,\sqrt{\arcsin(1-0.6(0.7))} \\[2mm] =&\,0.786593\ldots \end{align*}

Therefore

x2=0.7866\boxed{x_2=0.7866}

to 4 decimal places.

(ii)

Continuing the iteration gives

nxn10.700020.786630.745940.765150.756060.760370.758380.759290.7588100.7590110.7589\begin{array}{c|c} n & x_n\\ \hline 1 & 0.7000\\ 2 & 0.7866\\ 3 & 0.7459\\ 4 & 0.7651\\ 5 & 0.7560\\ 6 & 0.7603\\ 7 & 0.7583\\ 8 & 0.7592\\ 9 & 0.7588\\ 10 & 0.7590\\ 11 & 0.7589 \end{array}

So the iteration converges to

α=0.7589\boxed{\alpha=0.7589}

to 4 decimal places.