Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2023 Oct Q4

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2023 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

(a) Prove by contradiction that for all positive numbers kk

k+9k6k+\frac{9}{k}\ge 6
(4)

(b) Show that the result in part (a) is not true for all real numbers.

(1)
题目中文翻译

(a) 用反证法证明:对所有正数 kk

k+9k6k+\frac{9}{k}\ge 6

成立。

(b) 证明 (a) 中的结论并不对所有实数都成立。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

按反证法,假设存在正数 kk 使结论不成立,即严格满足 k+9k<6k+\dfrac9k<6。因为 k>0k>0,不等式两边乘以 kk 时方向不变;整理后会得到一个平方小于 00 的矛盾。

答题过程

展开

Assume, for a contradiction, that there exists a positive number kk such that

k+9k<6.k+\frac9k<6.

Since k>0k>0, multiplying by kk does not reverse the inequality:

k2+9<6kk26k+9<0(k3)2<0.\begin{align*} k^2+9<&\,6k\\ k^2-6k+9<&\,0\\ (k-3)^2<&\,0. \end{align*}

This is impossible because the square of a real number is always non-negative. Therefore the assumption is false, and

k+9k6\boxed{k+\frac9k\geq6}

for every positive number kk.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

要说明结论并非对所有实数成立,只需给出一个反例。选择一个简单的负数 k=3k=-3,代入后左边为 6-6,显然不满足“大于或等于 66”。

答题过程

展开

Take k=3k=-3. Then

k+9k=3+93=6.k+\frac9k =-3+\frac9{-3} =-6.

Since 6≱6-6\not\geq6, k=3k=-3 is a counterexample. Therefore, the result in part (a) is not true for all real numbers.