题目
Problem
(a) Prove by contradiction that for all positive numbers
(4)
(b) Show that the result in part (a) is not true for all real numbers.
(1)
题目中文翻译
(a) 用反证法证明:对所有正数 ,
成立。
(b) 证明 (a) 中的结论并不对所有实数都成立。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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按反证法,假设存在正数 使结论不成立,即严格满足 。因为 ,不等式两边乘以 时方向不变;整理后会得到一个平方小于 的矛盾。
答题过程
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Assume, for a contradiction, that there exists a positive number such that
Since , multiplying by does not reverse the inequality:
This is impossible because the square of a real number is always non-negative. Therefore the assumption is false, and
for every positive number .
(b)
解法一
思路
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要说明结论并非对所有实数成立,只需给出一个反例。选择一个简单的负数 ,代入后左边为 ,显然不满足“大于或等于 ”。
答题过程
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Take . Then
Since , is a counterexample. Therefore, the result in part (a) is not true for all real numbers.