Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2024 May Q5

A Level / Edexcel / P4

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve defined by the parametric equations

x=t2+2ty=2t(3t)atbx=t^2+2t\qquad y=\frac{2}{t(3-t)}\qquad a\le t\le b

where aa and bb are constants.

The ends of the curve lie on the line with equation y=1y=1.

(a) Find the value of aa and the value of bb.

(2)

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by the curve and the line with equation y=1y=1.

(b) Show that the area of region RR is given by

Mkabt+1t(3t)dtM-k\int_a^b\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t

where MM and kk are constants to be found.

(5)

(c) (i) Write

t+1t(3t)\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}

in partial fractions.

(ii) Use algebraic integration to find the exact area of RR, giving your answer in simplest form.

(6)
题目中文翻译

图 2 给出了由参数方程定义的曲线草图:

x=t2+2ty=2t(3t)atbx=t^2+2t\qquad y=\frac{2}{t(3-t)}\qquad a\le t\le b

其中 a,ba,b 为常数。

曲线的两端在直线 y=1y=1 上。

(a) 求 aabb 的值。

阴影区域 RR 由该曲线和直线 y=1y=1 围成。

(b) 证明区域 RR 的面积为

Mkabt+1t(3t)dtM-k\int_a^b\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t

其中 M,kM,k 为待求常数。

(c) (i) 将

t+1t(3t)\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}

分解为部分分式。

(ii) 使用代数积分求区域 RR 的精确面积,并写成最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

曲线两端都在直线 y=1y=1 上,所以把参数方程中的 yy 设为 11,解出对应的两个 tt 值。由于题目写成 atba\le t\le b,较小的值就是 aa,较大的值就是 bb

答题过程

展开

The ends of the curve lie on

y=1y=1

So

2t(3t)=1\frac{2}{t(3-t)}=1

Thus

2=t(3t)2=t(3-t)

Expand and rearrange:

2=3tt22=3t-t^2

so

t23t+2=0t^2-3t+2=0

Factorise:

(t1)(t2)=0(t-1)(t-2)=0

Therefore

t=1ort=2t=1\quad\text{or}\quad t=2

Hence

a=1,b=2\boxed{a=1,\qquad b=2}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

区域 RR 是直线 y=1y=1 下方的矩形区域减去参数曲线下方的面积。先用参数曲线面积公式

ydxdtdt\int y\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}\,\mathrm{d}t

求曲线下方面积,再用 t=1,2t=1,2 找出端点的 xx 坐标,从而得到矩形宽度。

答题过程

展开

The area under the parametric curve is

abydxdtdt\int_a^b y\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}\,\mathrm{d}t

Now

x=t2+2tx=t^2+2t

so

dxdt=2t+2=2(t+1)\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=2t+2=2(t+1)

Also,

y=2t(3t)y=\frac{2}{t(3-t)}

Therefore the area under the curve is

122t(3t)2(t+1)dt=412t+1t(3t)dt\int_1^2 \frac{2}{t(3-t)}\cdot 2(t+1)\,\mathrm{d}t =4\int_1^2\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t

At t=1t=1,

x=12+2(1)=3x=1^2+2(1)=3

At t=2t=2,

x=22+2(2)=8x=2^2+2(2)=8

The region is between the line y=1y=1 and the curve, so its area is

rectangle areaarea under the curve\text{rectangle area}-\text{area under the curve}

The rectangle has width

83=58-3=5

and height 11, so its area is 55.

Thus

Area of R=5412t+1t(3t)dt\text{Area of }R =5-4\int_1^2\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t

Hence

M=5,k=4\boxed{M=5,\qquad k=4}

(c)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

分母已经分解成 t(3t)t(3-t),所以部分分式应设为

At+B3t\frac{A}{t}+\frac{B}{3-t}

再通分比较分子。代入 t=0t=0t=3t=3 可以快速求出 A,BA,B

答题过程

展开

Write

t+1t(3t)=At+B3t\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)} =\frac{A}{t}+\frac{B}{3-t}

Then

t+1=A(3t)+Btt+1=A(3-t)+Bt

Let t=0t=0:

1=3A1=3A

so

A=13A=\frac13

Let t=3t=3:

4=3B4=3B

so

B=43B=\frac43

Therefore

t+1t(3t)=13t+43(3t)\boxed{ \frac{t+1}{t(3-t)} =\frac{1}{3t}+\frac{4}{3(3-t)} }

(c)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

承接 (b) 的面积表达式和 (c)(i) 的部分分式结果。积分时要注意

13tdt=ln(3t)\int \frac{1}{3-t}\,\mathrm{d}t=-\ln(3-t)

所以第二项会带负号。最后把上下限 1122 代入,并代回面积公式。

答题过程

展开

From part (b),

Area of R=5412t+1t(3t)dt\text{Area of }R =5-4\int_1^2\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t

Using part (c)(i),

t+1t(3t)dt=(13t+43(3t))dt\int\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t =\int\left(\frac{1}{3t}+\frac{4}{3(3-t)}\right)\,\mathrm{d}t

So

t+1t(3t)dt=13lnt43ln(3t)\int\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t =\frac13\ln t-\frac43\ln(3-t)

Therefore

12t+1t(3t)dt=[13lnt43ln(3t)]12=(13ln243ln1)(13ln143ln2)=13ln2+43ln2=53ln2\begin{aligned} \int_1^2\frac{t+1}{t(3-t)}\,\mathrm{d}t &=\left[\frac13\ln t-\frac43\ln(3-t)\right]_1^2 \\ &=\left(\frac13\ln2-\frac43\ln1\right) -\left(\frac13\ln1-\frac43\ln2\right) \\ &=\frac13\ln2+\frac43\ln2 \\ &=\frac53\ln2 \end{aligned}

Hence

Area of R=54(53ln2)=5203ln2\begin{aligned} \text{Area of }R &=5-4\left(\frac53\ln2\right) \\ &=5-\frac{20}{3}\ln2 \end{aligned}

Therefore the exact area is

5203ln2\boxed{5-\frac{20}{3}\ln2}