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IAL 2020 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The random variable XX has a normal distribution with mean 10 and standard deviation 6

(a) Find P(X<7)P(X<7)

(3)

(b) Find the value of kk such that

P(10k<X<10+k)=0.60<divstyle="textalign:right;">(3)</div>P(10-k<X<10+k)=0.60 <div style="text-align: right;">(3)</div>

A single observation xx, of XX, is to be taken.

A rectangle is drawn on a centimetre grid with vertices having coordinates (0,0)(0,0), (x,0)(x,0), (x,x3)(x,x-3) and (0,x3)(0,x-3)

(c) Find the probability that the area of this rectangle is more than 40 cm240\text{ cm}^2

(8)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

标准化 77,它比平均数小,所以是左尾概率。

答题过程

展开 P(X<7)=P(Z<7106)=P(Z<0.5).\begin{align*} P(X<7)=P\left(Z<\frac{7-10}{6}\right)=P(Z<-0.5). \end{align*}

Using symmetry,

P(Z<0.5)=1P(Z<0.5).\begin{align*} P(Z<-0.5)=1-P(Z<0.5). \end{align*}

Therefore

P(X<7)=10.6915=0.3085.\begin{align*} P(X<7)=1-0.6915=0.3085. \end{align*}

So

P(X<7)=0.309to 3 significant figures.\begin{align*} P(X<7)=0.309\quad\text{to 3 significant figures}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

区间以均值 10 为中心,中间面积是 0.60,所以两侧尾部各 0.20;右端点对应 Φ(z)=0.80\Phi(z)=0.80,即 z=0.8416z=0.8416

答题过程

展开

Since

P(10k<X<10+k)=0.60,\begin{align*} P(10-k<X<10+k)=0.60, \end{align*}

we need

P(X<10+k)=0.80.\begin{align*} P(X<10+k)=0.80. \end{align*}

So

10+k106=0.8416.\begin{align*} \frac{10+k-10}{6}=0.8416. \end{align*}

Therefore

k=6(0.8416)=5.0496.\begin{align*} k=6(0.8416)=5.0496. \end{align*}

Hence

k=5.05.\begin{align*} k=5.05. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

矩形宽是 xx,高是 x3x-3,面积是 x(x3)x(x-3)。先解不等式 x(x3)>40x(x-3)>40,再转化为 normal probability。

答题过程

展开

The area of the rectangle is

x(x3).\begin{align*} x(x-3). \end{align*}

We need

x(x3)>40.\begin{align*} x(x-3)>40. \end{align*}

So

x23x40>0.\begin{align*} x^2-3x-40>0. \end{align*}

Factorising,

(x8)(x+5)>0.\begin{align*} (x-8)(x+5)>0. \end{align*}

Therefore

x>8orx<5.\begin{align*} x>8\quad\text{or}\quad x<-5. \end{align*}

Hence

P(area>40)=P(X>8)+P(X<5).\begin{align*} P(\text{area}>40)=P(X>8)+P(X<-5). \end{align*}

Now

P(X>8)=P(Z>8106)=P(Z>0.333),\begin{align*} P(X>8)=P\left(Z>\frac{8-10}{6}\right)=P(Z>-0.333\ldots), \end{align*}

and

P(X<5)=P(Z<5106)=P(Z<2.5).\begin{align*} P(X<-5)=P\left(Z<\frac{-5-10}{6}\right)=P(Z<-2.5). \end{align*}

So

P(area>40)=P(Z>0.333)+P(Z<2.5)=0.6293+0.0062=0.6355.\begin{aligned} P(\text{area}>40) =&\,P(Z>-0.333\ldots)+P(Z<-2.5)\\ =&\,0.6293+0.0062\\ =&\,0.6355. \end{aligned}

Therefore the probability is approximately

0.636.\begin{align*} 0.636. \end{align*}