Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2021 June Q5

A Level / Edexcel / S1

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The discrete random variable XX has the following probability distribution

xx2-21-1001144
P(X=x)P(X=x)aabbccbbaa

Given that E(X)=0.5E(X)=0.5

(a) find the value of aa.

(2)

Given also that Var(X)=5.01\operatorname{Var}(X)=5.01

(b) find the value of bb and the value of cc.

(5)

The random variable Y=58XY=5-8X

(c) Find

(i) E(Y)E(Y)

(ii) Var(Y)\operatorname{Var}(Y)

(3)

(d) Find P(4X>Y)P(4X>Y)

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

直接用期望公式。注意 b-b+b+b 会抵消。

答题过程

展开 E(X)=(2)a+(1)b+0c+1b+4a.\begin{align*} E(X)=(-2)a+(-1)b+0c+1b+4a. \end{align*}

So

E(X)=2a.\begin{align*} E(X)=2a. \end{align*}

Given that E(X)=0.5E(X)=0.5,

2a=0.5.\begin{align*} 2a=0.5. \end{align*}

Therefore

a=0.25.\begin{align*} a=0.25. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先用 Var(X)=E(X2)[E(X)]2\operatorname{Var}(X)=E(X^2)-[E(X)]^2bb。再用总概率为 1 求 cc

答题过程

展开

First,

E(X2)=(2)2a+(1)2b+02c+12b+42a=20a+2b.\begin{aligned} E(X^2) =&\,(-2)^2a+(-1)^2b+0^2c+1^2b+4^2a\\ =&\,20a+2b. \end{aligned}

Using a=0.25a=0.25,

E(X2)=20(0.25)+2b=5+2b.\begin{align*} E(X^2)=20(0.25)+2b=5+2b. \end{align*}

Since Var(X)=5.01\operatorname{Var}(X)=5.01,

5.01=(5+2b)(0.5)2.\begin{align*} 5.01=(5+2b)-(0.5)^2. \end{align*}

So

5.01=4.75+2b.\begin{align*} 5.01=4.75+2b. \end{align*}

Hence

2b=0.26,\begin{align*} 2b=0.26, \end{align*}

and

b=0.13.\begin{align*} b=0.13. \end{align*}

The probabilities sum to 1, so

2a+2b+c=1.\begin{align*} 2a+2b+c=1. \end{align*}

Therefore

2(0.25)+2(0.13)+c=1,\begin{align*} 2(0.25)+2(0.13)+c=1, \end{align*}

giving

c=0.24.\begin{align*} c=0.24. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

线性变换的期望和方差分别使用 E(aX+b)=aE(X)+bE(aX+b)=aE(X)+bVar(aX+b)=a2Var(X)\operatorname{Var}(aX+b)=a^2\operatorname{Var}(X)

答题过程

展开

For Y=58XY=5-8X,

E(Y)=58E(X).\begin{align*} E(Y)=5-8E(X). \end{align*}

Thus

E(Y)=58(0.5)=1.\begin{align*} E(Y)=5-8(0.5)=1. \end{align*}

Also,

Var(Y)=(8)2Var(X).\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(Y)=(-8)^2\operatorname{Var}(X). \end{align*}

Therefore

Var(Y)=64(5.01)=320.64.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}(Y)=64(5.01)=320.64. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

Y=58XY=5-8X 代入不等式。解出哪些 XX 的取值满足条件,再把对应概率相加。

答题过程

展开

Since Y=58XY=5-8X,

4X>58X.\begin{align*} 4X>5-8X. \end{align*}

Rearranging,

12X>5.\begin{align*} 12X>5. \end{align*}

So

X>512.\begin{align*} X>\frac{5}{12}. \end{align*}

The possible values of XX satisfying this are 11 and 44.

Therefore

P(4X>Y)=P(X=1)+P(X=4)=b+a.\begin{align*} P(4X>Y)=P(X=1)+P(X=4)=b+a. \end{align*}

Using a=0.25a=0.25 and b=0.13b=0.13,

P(4X>Y)=0.13+0.25=0.38.\begin{align*} P(4X>Y)=0.13+0.25=0.38. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

也可以直接列出 XX 的可能值逐个检查。离散型随机变量有时这样更稳,因为只需要检查表中的五个值。

答题过程

展开

For each possible value of XX,

Y=58X.\begin{align*} Y=5-8X. \end{align*}

Checking the possible values:

X21014Y211353274X840416\begin{array}{c|ccccc} X & -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 & 4\\ \hline Y & 21 & 13 & 5 & -3 & -27\\ 4X & -8 & -4 & 0 & 4 & 16\\ \end{array}

The inequality 4X>Y4X>Y is true when X=1X=1 or X=4X=4.

Therefore

P(4X>Y)=P(X=1)+P(X=4)=b+a=0.13+0.25=0.38.\begin{align*} P(4X>Y)=P(X=1)+P(X=4)=b+a=0.13+0.25=0.38. \end{align*}