题目
Problem
The stem lengths of a sample of 120 tulips are recorded in the grouped frequency table below.
Stem length (cm)40⩽x<4242⩽x<4545⩽x<5050⩽x<5555⩽x<5858⩽x<60Frequency12182335248
A histogram is drawn to represent these data.
The area of the bar representing the 40⩽x<42 class is 16.5 cm2
(a) Calculate the exact area of the bar representing the 42⩽x<45 class.
(2)
The height of the tallest bar in the histogram is 10 cm.
(b) Find the exact height of the second tallest bar.
(3)
Q1 for these data is 45 cm.
(c) Use linear interpolation to find an estimate for
(i) Q2
(ii) the interquartile range.
(4)
One measure of skewness is given by
Q3−Q1Q3−2Q2+Q1
(d) By calculating this measure, describe the skewness of these data.
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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同一张 histogram 中,bar area 与 frequency 成正比。已知 12 个对应面积 16.5,所以 18 个对应面积按比例放大。
答题过程
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area==16.5⋅121824.75.
The exact area is
24.75 cm2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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最高的 bar 由最大 frequency density 决定。先比较 frequency density:55-58 组是 24/3=8,50-55 组是 35/5=7,所以第二高的 bar 对应 50-55 组。
答题过程
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The tallest bar has frequency density
324=8.
The second tallest bar has frequency density
535=7.
Since the tallest bar has height 10 cm, the second tallest bar has height
10⋅87=8.75 cm.
(c)(i)
解法一
思路
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Q2 是第 60 个数据。累计到 50 是 53,累计到 55 是 88,所以中位数在 50-55 组内。
答题过程
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Q2==50+3560−53(55−50)51.
(c)(ii)
解法一
思路
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Q3 是第 90 个数据。累计到 55 是 88,所以 Q3 在 55-58 组内。题目已给 Q1=45。
答题过程
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Q3==55+2490−88(58−55)55.25.
Therefore
IQR=55.25−45=10.25.
(d)
解法一
思路
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把 Q1=45、Q2=51、Q3=55.25 代入 skewness 公式。结果为负表示 negative skew。
答题过程
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Q3−Q1Q3−2Q2+Q1==55.25−4555.25−2(51)+45−0.1707…
Since the value is negative, the data are negatively skewed.